Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
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Authors
Eric Post Eva Beyen Pernille Sporon Bøving R. Conor Higgins Christian John Jeff Kerby Christian Pedersen David A. WattsAbstract
We report an observation of a flightless fledgling Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758)) at a long-term study site near Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, in late July 2018. Based on our observations of longspur nests at the site dating back to 1993, we estimate that the fledgling observed in 2018 may have originated from a nest initiated 12–37 d later than nesting in previous years. Onset of spring in 2018 was late, but comparable with other years in which longspur nests were observed a full calendar month earlier than in 2018. An analysis including multiple candidate predictor variables revealed a strong negative association between estimated longspur nest initiation dates and mean May temperature, as well as a weaker association with the length of the annual period of vegetation green up at the site. Given the limitations of our data, however, we are unable to assign causality to the 2018 observation, and cannot rule out other possibilities, such as that it may have resulted from a second clutch.
Authors
Jürgen Dengler Thomas J. Matthews Manuel J. Steinbauer Sebastian Wolfrum Steffen Boch Alessandro Chiarucci Timo Conradi Iwona Dembicz Corrado Marcenó Itziar García-Mijangos Arkadiusz Nowak David Storch Werner Ulrich Juan Antonio Campos Laura Cancellieri Marta Carboni Giampiero Ciaschetti Pieter De Frenne Jiří Doležal Christian Dolnik Franz Essl Edy Fantinato Goffredo Filibeck John-Arvid Grytnes Riccardo Guarino Behlül Güler Monika Janišová Ewelina Klichowska Łukasz Kozub Anna Kuzemko Michael Manthey Anne Mimet Alireza Naqinezhad Christian Pedersen Robert K. Peet Vincent Pellissier Remigiusz Pielech Giovanna Potenza Leonardo Rosati Massimo Terzi Orsolya Valkó Denys Vynokurov Hannah White Manuela Winkler Idoia BiurrunAbstract
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The extent of land lease is increasing in many countries, including Norway. This paper develops a von Thünen type model of optimal land plots to lease from a farm’s center. For a single farm setting, the optimality principle is that land is leased as long as the expected marginal value of leasing a tract of land is greater than or equal to the expected marginal costs of leasing the land. The single farm model setting captures land lease at the extensive margin, i.e., under absence of competition for leasing land. Land lease at the intensive margin, i.e., when there is competition for leasing farm fields, is more interesting. We distinguish between two cases. In the first case, continued farm operations do not depend on being able to lease more land. Then we show that optimal land lease results when the expected profits for each farm of leasing its least profitable field is equal among farms competing for the same farm field. This also corresponds to an economically efficient allocation of leased land. Our second case at the intensive margin is more complicated. Here, farm survival depends on attracting acreage of leased land to allow for investment in cost saving technology. We show that the resulting allocation of leased land corresponds to the solution of a game involving bidding for land in order to prevent other farmers from getting land, which in turn leads to farmer exit and therefore increases the future supply of land available at the land lease market. In the first round of the game, winners of the land lease auction pay more for the leased land than they would have done in the absence of preventive bidding. The model framework is applicable for other settings where locking out competitors are parts of agents’ strategy space.
Authors
Jana Spulerova Alexandra Kruse Paola Branduini Csaba Centeri Sebastian Eiter Viviana Ferrario Bénédicte Gaillard Fausto Gusmeroli Suzan Jurgens Drago Kladnik Hans Renes Michael Roth Giovanni Sala Hanne Sickel Maurizia Sigura Dagmar Štefunková Kari Stensgaard Peter Strasser Cosmin Marius Ivascu Kinga ÖllererAbstract
Hay-making structures are part of the agricultural landscape of meadows and pastures. Hay meadows are still used and found all over Europe, but their distribution patterns as well as their characteristics and regional features depend on geographical area, climate, culture, and intensity of agriculture. Intensively used hay meadows are the most dominant, using heavy machinery to store hay mostly as rounded or square bales. Traditional hay-making structures represent structures or constructions, used to quickly dry freshly cut fodder and to protect it from humidity. The ‘ancient’ forms of traditional hay-making structures are becoming a relic, due to mechanisation and the use of new technologies. Both the need for drying hay and the traditional methods for doing so were similar across Europe. Our study of hay-making structures focuses on their current state, their development and history, current use and cultural values in various European countries. Regarding the construction and use of hay-making structures, we have distinguished three different types, which correlate to natural and regional conditions: (1) temporary hay racks of various shapes; (2) hay barracks, a special type of shelters for storing hay and (3) different types of permanent construction and buildings for drying and storing hay. Hay-making structures have been mostly preserved in connection with traditional agricultural landscapes, and particularly in the more remote regions or where associated with strong cultural identity.
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