Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Tomasz Leszek Woznicki Kjersti Aaby Anita Sønsteby Ola M. Heide Anne-Berit Wold Siv Fagertun RembergAbstract
The effects of postflowering temperature and daylength on the concentration of individual phenolic compounds were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries under controlled phytotron conditions. The four cultivars studied varied greatly in their concentrations of individual phenolic compounds and temperature stability for accumulation. The concentrations of a wide range of identified phenolic compounds were strongly influenced by temperature over the 12–24 °C range, often with opposite temperature gradient patterns for compounds within the same subclass. Accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols increased under natural long day conditions, which provided an increased daily light integral, while under identical light energy conditions, photoperiod had little or no effect on the concentration of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, with the exception of members of the hydroxycinnamic acid subclass, the concentration of most phenolic compounds was higher in berries ripened outdoors than in the phytotron, apparently due to screening of UV-B radiation by the glass cover.
Abstract
The paper is a mini review on the climatic effects on berry production and berry quality in the Arctic north. Plants in the north are facing short growing seasons with low temperatures and long days with a unique light quality. The winter time is cold but with fluctuating temperatures, especially along the coast. Fluctuating winter temperatures and unstable snow cover is a challenge for the perennials that need to be dormant during winter time. Dormancy is induced in the autumn by a combination of day length and temperature. The wild berries domestic to the Nordic countries are adapted to these growth conditions while many of the commercially important berry species originate from more southern areas. Pre-breeding studies on interactions between genotype and environment are essential in order to develop climatically adapted berry cultivars for northern growth conditions.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
It is widely accepted that legume crops yield and basic chemical composition of pulses regarding crude proteins content are closely dependent on agro-environmental conditions and cropping system. Monoculture is used mostly in conventional agriculture, where the same crop is cultivated on the same land for a 12-month period. In an organic and integrated growing approach more attention is paid to plant-environment interactions, and as a result, diverse growing systems applying intercropping, catch crops, green manure, alternatives are being implemented. Thus, trials aimed at increasing the current knowledge on sustainable agriculture constitute an essential part of EUROLEGUME, which envisages the comparison of organic vs conventional cropping systems for faba bean and pea production in northern Europe. Thus, field experiments were set up in two different locations (AREI - Latvia and NIBIO -Norway). Results obtained showed significant differences in yield between tested genotypes of faba bean and pea. For pea most yielding cultivars (‘Klara’ and ‘Kirke’) slightly differed between trial locations, being the most promising in both locations. On the other hand, on faba bean accessions ‘Julia’ and ‘Lielplatones’ exhibited the highest yield in Norway, and ‘Bauska’ and ‘Lielpaltones’ in Latvia. Apart from the evaluation of the impact of crop rotation on legumes yield, the influence of legumes as intercrop with horticultural crops was also evaluated on a two years’ study, on vegetables and strawberry crops in Latvia. This work showed that the most efficient intercropping variants were cabbage/faba bean and carrot/faba bean, whilst onion and faba bean intercrop are not recommended.
Authors
Inara Helena Konosoka Arta Kronberga Aina Kokare Liga Lepse Margit Olle Maria da Graca Pereira Ingunn M. Vågen Fredrik Fogelberg Miguel RodriguesAbstract
Quality aspects of food crops have been gaining increased attention at important regarding economic and health levels. Grain legumes have high potential for the nutritional improvement of foods, although to date, existing gaps of information on the compositional characteristics of legumes as feedstuffs and foodstuffs, as well as concerning technologies enabling the development of new food and feed products entail a reduced consumption. Recognizing this challenge, EUROLEGUME has addressed this topic by selecting the best legume varieties regarding their content in protein, amino acids, dry matter, ash, and total fats in a panel of underexplored varieties of faba bean (n = 10), pea (n = 16), and cowpea (n = 28). The results obtained on the proximate composition have identified nutritionally enhanced and genetically diverse germplasms. In this work it was identified the most promising genotypes of faba bean (‘Gloria’, ‘Džūkstes’, ‘Kučānes’, and ‘Aqua Dolce’), pea (‘Looming’, ‘k4171’, ‘k4831’,‘Eesti kollane söödahernes’, and ‘Bruno’), and cowpea (‘Vg50’, ‘Vg51’, ‘Vg56’, ‘Vg57’, ‘Vg58’, and ‘Vg59’) for the development of new attractive, convenient ready-to-eat, and tasty legume-based food formulations that will contribute to the diversification of healthier diets. In addition, in this work, significant differences were stated regarding the content in protein, total, essential, and non-essential amino acids between legumes grown in organic and conventional systems that allowed to highlight the relevance of the cropping system for the nutritional value of legumes.
Authors
Eldrid Lein MoltebergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Introduced tree species represent a substantial component of urban forests in cities all over the world. Yet there is controversy about the further use of introduced tree species. Many practice orientated publications,research papers and governmental websites in the fields of urban planning, urban forestry, and urban ecology argue for planting native species and avoiding introduced species. Such arguments for native-only species selection are also touted by environmental groups and the media. Consequently the debate has sometimes spiralled away from a sensible and rational platform where invasion risks and biodiversity loss are discussed, to a groundless and unreasonable argument where exotic species are generally considered incapable of providing ecosystem services. From a European perspective, we here aim to curate a set of necessary considerations for current and future discussions on native and non-native plant material in sustainable urban development. Using examples from Northern and Central Europe we illustrate that in some regions the catalogue of native tree species may be too limited to fulfil ecosystem services and resilience in harsh urban environments. A main message from our line of arguments is that we cannot afford to generally exclude non-native tree species from urban greening. If “native-only” approaches become incorporated in regional, national or international policy documents or legislation there is a risk that urban ecosystem resilience will be compromised, particularly in regions with extreme environmental conditions. Since both invasion risks and sizes of native species pools vary conspicuously at regional to continental scales we also argue to adapt urban policies on using non-native trees to regional contexts.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites with important roles in plant defence against pathogens and pests and are also known for their health benefits. Understanding how environmental factors affect the level and composition of glucosinolates is therefore of importance in the perspective of climate change. In this study we analysed glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions when grown at constant standard (21 °C), moderate (15 °C) and low (9 °C) temperatures during three generations. In most of the tested accessions moderate and pronounced chilling temperatures led to higher levels of glucosinolates, especially aliphatic glucosinolates. Which temperature yielded the highest glucosinolate levels was accession-dependent. Transcriptional profiling revealed also accession-specific gene responses, but only a limited correlation between changes in glucosinolate-related gene expression and glucosinolate levels. Different growth temperatures in one generation did not consistently affect glucosinolate composition in subsequent generations, hence a clear transgenerational effect of temperature on glucosinolates was not observed.
Authors
Laura Jaakola Laura Zoratti Lara Giongo Katja Karppinen Eivind Uleberg Inger Martinussen Hely HäggmanAbstract
No abstract has been registered