Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
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Annette Folkedal SchjøllAbstract
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Andrea FickeAbstract
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This report presents the results of monitoring undertaken by OSPAR Contracting Parties for the Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges Programme (RID) during 2022. The purpose of the RID Programme is to assess, as accurately as possible, all riverine inputs and direct discharges of selected pollutants to Convention waters on an annual basis, and to contribute to the implementation of the Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP). The OSPAR Convention area is divided into five main regions: the Arctic Waters, the Greater North Sea, the Celtic Seas, the Bay of Biscay, and the Wider Atlantic. Determinands monitored on a mandatory basis include nutrients, heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead), suspended particulate matter, and salinity (in saline waters). Several more determinands can be monitored on a voluntary basis. Direct discharge sources can include sewage treatment plants, industry, and aquaculture; some Contracting Parties also report urban runoff. Not all Contracting Parties report their direct discharges. Since the programme started in 1990, many Contracting Parties report an overall reduction in flow normalized riverine loads of nutrients and metals, although there are large variations from year to year. Direct discharges of nutrients and metals are also declining in many areas, with some exceptions. For 2022, increase in direct discharges was reported in some areas, but these have no effect on the general trends, since the reported direct discharges are smaller than the riverine inputs in almost all the cases. Only direct discharges from unmonitored areas, including areas downstream of sampling points and discharges directly to the sea are included. The direct discharges upstream of the sampling points are included in the riverine inputs. The report also gives an overview of the different efforts carried out by both CPs and the RID Data Centre to improve the data quality of the programme. Despite these efforts, the long-term data series still have some gaps and inconsistencies, which is unfortunate. Hence, the Report also gives recommendations on how to handle incomplete or missing datasets. The CPs are asked to scrutinize the historical RID data series, and correct them whenever needed, to improve the data quality in the RID database.
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Authors
Csilla Farkas Moritz Shore Ágota Horel Gokhan Cüceloglu Levente Czelnai Dorota Mirosław-Świątek Maria Eliza Turek Natalja Čerkasova Brigitta Szabó Antonín Zajiček Attila Nemes Sinja Weiland Petr Fučík Annelie Holzkaemper Rasa Idzelyté Stepan MarvalAbstract
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The objectives of the study was to 1) investigate soil-plant-water interactions based on field measurements of plant reflectance and soil water content (SWC) in different inter-row managed vineyards, and 2) modeling changes in the SWC due to differences in soil physical parameters among slope positions and management methods. The study explored the impact of three different soil management practices on grapevine growth and soil health in vineyards: tilled (T), cover crops (CC), and perennial grass (NT) inter-rows. Data was collected for 2022 and 2023. At each study slopes, we had two measurement points along a slope section. To continuously monitor soil water and temperature conditions, sensors were strategically positioned at two depths of 15 cm and 40 cm below the soil surface along the slopes, both at the upper and lower points of the vineyard, while topsoil SWC was measured bi-weekly. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) sensors were used to measure leaf reflectance, while handheld instruments were used to measure additional NDVI and leaf Chlorophyll contents (SPAD). For the hydrological modeling we used SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant), where the rswap R-package was used for calibration (2020 15 and 40cm data), validation (2021 15 and 40cm data), and statistical evaluation. In 2022, all three slopes showed a significantly higher SWC content for the higher points compared to the lower, while in 2023 the grassed slope upper point showed higher SWC (0.18 vs 0.15%). The highest NDVI values were measured for the cover cropped vineyard site (0.68). However, we found no significant differences among NDVI values based on inter-row management or slope position, only the grassed inter-row vineyard had differences in the NDVI values at the lower and upper points (p=0.034). The highest leaf chlorophyll contents were measured for the cover cropped vineyard site (305). Most of the leaf Chlorophyll values were not significantly different among slope positions. Using the SWAP model, data from the cover cropped inter-row vineyard was used for calibration and validation. We found good model fitting (NSE > 0.52; d_daily > 0.81). Reduced-tillage (RT) and drought tolerant plant (DTP) management scenarios were run to simulate SWC changes over time. Preliminary data shows that DTP significantly reduced, while RT did not significantly affect our site’s SWC.
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