Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2006
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Silje Aase Wolff Anne LangerudAbstract
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Jenny Karlsson Mikael Rönnqvist Mikael FriskAbstract
Road blocking due to thawing or heavy rains annually contributes to a considerable loss of profit in Swedish forestry. Companies have to build large stocks of sawlogs and pulplogs to secure a continuous supply during periods where the accessibility of the road network is uncertain. This storage leads to quality deterioration, which means loss in profit. One approach to reduce the losses due to blocked roads is to upgrade the road network to a standard that guarantees accessibility throughout the year. This article describes a decision support system called RoadOpt for the planning of forest road upgrading. The planning horizon is about one decade. The system uses a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based map user interface to present and analyse data and results. Two important modules are the Swedish road database, which provides detailed information about the road network, and an optimization module consisting of a mixed integer linear programming model. A case study from a major Swedish company is presented.
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Authors
Jens Kværner Grete Swensen Lars ErikstadAbstract
In the traditional EIA procedure environmental vulnerability is only considered to a minor extent in the early stages when project alternatives are worked out. In Norway, an alternative approach to EIA, an integrated vulnerability model (IVM), emphasising environmental vulnerability and alternatives development in the early stages of EIA, has been tried out in a few pilot cases. This paper examines the content and use of the vulnerability concept in the IVM approach, and discusses the concept in an EIA context. The vulnerability concept is best suited to overview analyses and large scale spatial considerations. The concept is particularly useful in the early stages of EIA when alternatives are designed and screened. By introducing analyses of environmental vulnerability at the start of the EIA process, the environment can be a more decisive issue for the creation of project alternatives as well as improving the basis for scoping. Vulnerability and value aspects should be considered as separate dimensions. There is a need to operate with a specification between general and specific vulnerability. The concept of environmental vulnerability has proven useful in a wide range of disciplines. Different disciplines have different lengths of experience regarding vulnerability. In disciplines such as landscape planning and hydrogeology we find elements suitable as cornerstones in the further development of an interdisciplinary methodology. Further development of vulnerability criteria in different disciplines and increased public involvement in the early stages of EIA are recommended.
Authors
Liv Sognnes Gustav Fystro Samson Øpstad Arve Arstein Trond BørresenAbstract
In terms of agricultural use, peat soils have weak structure, high water content, insufficient soil aeration and poor thermal properties resulting in suboptimal physical properties and yields of grass. During the period 1978 - 1995, a long-term field trial was conducted on highly decomposed peat soil in order to investigate the impact of adding mineral materials to improve soil characteristics and increase grass yield. Shell sand or moraine soil (200, 400 or 800 m(3) ha(-1)) was incorporated into peat soil. Generally, addition of both shell sand and moraine soil improved the physical properties of the soil and grass production. During the first nine years, shell sand ( 400 m 3 ha(-1)) was the most efficient. Thereafter, moraine soil ( 400 and 800 m(3) ha(-1)) seemed most beneficial. This study indicates that additions of shell sand or moraine soil to peat are appropriate methods to improve and conserve the physical properties and cropping potential of these vulnerable soils.
Authors
Alhaji S. Jeng Trond Knapp Haraldsen Per Anker PedersenAbstract
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Kinga Adam Anne Kristine Søvik Tore KrogstadAbstract
Sorption of P to the filter material Filtralite-p (TM) was examined at a small, medium and large scale. in the small- and meso-scale laboratory models, the sorbed amount of total phosphorus (P) was heterogeneously distributed with more P sorbed in the inlet zone and the bottom layers. The full-scale system had, on the other hand, the highest sorbed concentration in the outlet region. The overall P sorption capacity of the material was 8030, 4990 and 521 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P (TM) for Box 1, Box 2 and meso scale, respectively This equals 4.4, 2.8 and 0.29 kg p m(-3) material, respectively However, the maximum sorption capacities found were 2500, 3887 and 4500 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P (TM) for the two small-scale box systems and the meso-scale container, respectively. in the full-scale system the overall P sorption capacity of the material was 52 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P (TM) (0.029 kg P m(-3) Filtralite-P (TM)) with a maximum sorbed amount of P of 249 mg P kg(-1). Results from both the small- and meso-scale system show that when a constructed wetland (CW) is saturated, i.e. when the outlet concentration has reached its maximum allowed concentration of 1.0 mg P l(-1), only parts of the filter material will have reached the sorption capacity. Sequential extractions of Filtralite-P (TM) showed that the loosely bound P, Ca-P and AI-P were the primary P sorption pools both in the small-scale models and in the full-scale CW However, the proportion of these three fractions varied with time and change in pH. A white product precipitated in the outlet zone of both the small-scale box models as well as the onsite CW The surface of these precipitation particles was identified by X-ray diffraction and SEM method as CaCO3 and precipitated Ca- and Mg-phosphates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered