Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2007
Abstract
Betre lystilhøve i frukttrea aukar veksten hjå tre og frukter, og fruktkvalitetsfaktorar som farge og oppløyst turrstoff vert betre. Sjølv om daglengda under norske veksttilhøve er lang, er den samla lystilgangen mindre enn på sørlegare breiddegrader pga den korte vekstsesongen. Metodar som aukar ljostilgangen, t.d. lysreflekterande duk under trea, vil vera gunstig for norsk fruktdyrking. Ein har prøvd ein voven plast duk (Extenday (R)) i frukthagar på Vestlandet. Der radavstanden var 4 m, har ein strekt ut 3m brei duk på bakken langs køyregangane og festa med gummiband til trea på kvar side. Der radavstanden var 5 m, nytta ein 4m brei duk. Duken låg ute frå midten av juni til etter hausting. Det var ingen temepratureffekt av duken. Men det var 5 gonger så mykje lys i trekruna hjå tre som sto i felt med reflekterande duk i høve til kontroll tre. I køyregangen var det 3 gonger så mykje lys over duk som i køyregangar med gras. I Aroma var eple frå tre frå felt med duk større, søtare og med meir raud dekkfarge enn frå kontroll trea. Det var særleg stor skilnad frå eple på dei nedte greinene. Med omsyn til fastleik og syreinnhald var det ikkje sikre skilnader. Men Streif-indeks viste at refleksduken framskunda mogninga.
Abstract
I eit felt med "Excalibur" og "Prinlew" plommer vart køyregangen dekka med kvit reflekterande duk for å betra ljostilhøva i trekruna. Duken låg i hagen frå 2 veker etter bløming til etter at plommene var hausta i midten av september. Der det ikkje var nytta reflekterande duk var fruktene nede på treet grønare, hadde mindre dekkfarge og lågare innhald av oppløyst turrstoff enn fruktene oppe i trekrunene. Fruktene frå tre som hadde stått over reflekterande duk var like godt farga og hadde same syrinnhald og fastleik om dei var hausta oppe eller nede på trea. Men det var også for desse trea høgare innhald av oppløyst turrstoff i fruktene oppe i trea i høve til dei som hadde vakse nedst i trea. Reflekterande duk gav jamnare mogning hjå plommene oppe og nede i trea. Dermed kan ein klara seg med færre haustingar. Temperaturen var ikkje heva der ein nytta duk, og duken svekka grasveksten i køyregangane.
Authors
Einar Heegaard Rune Halvorsen Økland Harald Bratli Wenche Dramstad Gunnar Engan Oddvar Pedersen Heidi SolstadAbstract
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Authors
Adam ParuchAbstract
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Authors
Gert Andersson Patrik Flisberg Bertil Lidén Mikael RönnqvistAbstract
We describe the decision support system RuttOpt, which is developed for scheduling logging trucks in the Swedish forest industry. The system is made up of a number of modules. One module is the Swedish road database NVDB which consists of detailed information of all the roads in Sweden. This also includes a tool to compute distances between locations. A second module is an optimization routine that finds a schedule i.e. set of routes for all trucks. This is based on a two phase algorithm where Linear Programming and a standard tabu search method are used. A third module is a database, storing all relevant information. At the heart of the system is a user interface where information and results can be viewed on maps, Gantt schedules and result reports. We also describe the characteristics of the general routing problem in forestry together with a focus on the planning process and systems in use in the Swedish situation. The system RuttOpt has been used in a number of case studies and we describe four of these. The case studies have been made in both forest companies and hauling companies. The cases range from ten to 110 trucks and with a planning horizon ranging from between one and five days. The results show that the system can be used to solve large case studies and that the potential savings are in the range 5-30%.
Abstract
Forest health monitoring may be done with remote sensing. Satellite based SAR is one promising technology as it works day and night and with cloud cover, and because it is sensitive to 3D properties. We here apply an interferometry based XDEM approach, where we assumed that an increasing defoliation would cause an increasing X band penetration downwards into the canopy layer, and that the penetration depth is a function of the amount of leaf area index (LAI) penetrated. We had at hand data for a 4 km2 forest area, having an SRTM X and C band SAR data set from 2000; a discrete-return laser scanning data set from 2003; and ground based measurements of some hundred trees and a forest stand map from 2003. We initially adjusted the XDEM and CDEM using elevation data from some agricultural fields nearby the forest using an official, Norwegian DTM data base having a 25mx25m spatial resolution. All further analyses were carried out on a 10mx10m grid. With the laser data we obtained a DTM and a canopy surface model (CSM), where the latter was set to the 75 percentile of the DZ data in each grid cell. The X band penetrated about six m downwards into the canopy layer, which means that for all grid cells having a forest canopy lower than six m, the XDEM was around zero. With an increasing DSM from six m upwards, the DSM could be approximated by the linear function DSM = 6 + 0.91*XDEM, having a RMSE of 4.0 m. The laser data provided the possibility to estimate LAI in every grid cell and at any height in that cell. For every grid cell, an LAI value was estimated for the forest canopy being above the XDEM height, using the method of Solberg et al (2006), where LAI = C * ln(N/Nb), where LAI is effective LAI above a given height; C is a constant calibrated from ground based measurements with the value 2.0, N is the total number of laser pulses; and Nb is the number of laser pulses below the given height. The median LAIaboveX value was 1.42, and 25-75 percentile values being 0.86-2.15. Also, in order to have a more homogeneous data set we redid the analyses using only spruce dominated stands, and excluding all grid cells at stand borders. The latter was set as grid cells that had neighbour grid cells in a neighbour stand. This had however, only a minor influence on the results.
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