Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2008
Authors
Stig Morten Thorsen Lars Egil Haugen Mats HöglindAbstract
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Life on earth depends on water and where running water occurs on earth, there is life. Nevertheless, existing modelling approaches in hydrology almost completely neglect the biological aspects of water flow. We claim that ignoring biological behaviour and interaction in catchment runoff modelling is too restrictive, and that computational theories can be used to formalise behaviour and interaction and model the biological impact on runoff. To demonstrate this, starting with a general classification of catchment behaviour, as documented in runoff data, we will use symbolic dynamics to quantify randomness and complexity in the time series. This approach shows that runoff records from very different catchments show common behaviour. This behaviour can be fitted to a one-parametric curve, stratified into three regions. In this manner, it becomes possible to represent and classify types of interactive behaviour that cannot be generated algorithmically. This suggests that physically based catchment models do not properly represent all types of interactive behaviour, and that signatures of biological interaction are present in runoff data.
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Tore SkrøppaAbstract
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Authors
Halvor SolheimAbstract
Climate change may influence in a worse manner for the forests in various ways. Some pathogens may increase their importance and new may arrive. Root and butt rot is the most serious problem in Norway spruce forests. In mean more than every fourth tree is infested when harvested. Dryer summers may give increased frequency of rot caused by Heterobasidion. In addition Armillaria spp may gain change in weather condition both as root rot and in connection with a syndrome together with drought and bark beetles. More unstable winter climate may give increase of Gremmeniella attack on Scots pine. Longer and warmer growth season will give many pathogens better condition. Among those is Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing Dutch elm disease which is lasting in south eastern Norway at a rather low frequency and the volume of elm is not lower than for 15 years ago. In which way the newly introduced Chalara fraxinea will behave in Norway is uncertain, but a better growth season will probably also influence on the possibility to be spread all over Norway where ash are growing.
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