Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2010
Authors
Kjell Suadicani Bruce Edward TalbotAbstract
This study investigated the feasibility of extracting and chipping hardwood crowns for energy after motor-manual thinning in stands of common beech. Large crowns were extracted and chipped from stands where only sawlogs had been produced, while small crowns were extracted and chipped from stands where sawlogs and firewood had been harvested. The fuel chip yield was 15 m3 solid ha-1 when extracting and chipping large crowns, while it was 8 m3 solid ha-1 when extracting and chipping small crowns. The productivity for extracting and chipping large crowns was 8.5 m3 solid per workplace hour, and for small crowns was 5.9 m3 solid per workplace hour. Extracting and chipping large crowns gave a net income of €167 ha-1 (€11 m-3 solid), while extracting and chipping small crowns gave a lower net income of €23 ha-1 (€3 m-3 solid). The study showed that extracting and chipping large hardwood crowns is feasible and can make a substantial contribution to woody biomass feedstocks. Four product-mix alternatives were considered, but the marginal differences in outcome led the authors to recommend that in addition to sawlogs only one product, firewood or chips, should be produced in each stand.
Authors
Kjell Suadicani Bruce TalbotAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Development in surface mould growth on painted/unpainted wooden claddings and acting climatic factors were investigated over a period of 3 years. Eight wood substrates, including modified, preservative-treated and untreated wood, were tested in combination with three types of paint: (1) water-borne alkyd modified acrylic paint without fungicide; (2) solvent-borne alkyd paint without fungicide; and (3) ICP (internal comparison product). One set of samples was exposed unpainted. The samples were tested according to a modified version of EN 927-3. A logistic regression model was fitted to the data. The degree of mould growth varied with exposure time, coating typology, wood substrate, temperature and relative humidity. Exposure time and coating typology contributed most to the model. After 3 years of outdoor exposure unpainted panels and panels coated with solvent-borne paint without fungicide had more mould growth than panels coated with ICP and water-borne paint without fungicide. Unpainted oil/copper–organic preservative-treated claddings had higher resistance to mould growth than other unpainted wood substrates. Coated untreated pine and coated acetylated pine were more susceptible to mould growth than other coated wooden substrates.
Authors
Trine Lund Ingrid Nyborg May Sæthre O. Coulibaly Md Hafizur RahmanAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Mette Vaarst Elisabeth Gratzer Michael Walkenhorst Silvia Ivemeyer Jan Brinkman Solveig March Lindsay k Whistance Gidi Smolders Elisabeth Stöger Johann Huber Christine Leeb Stephen Roderick Christoph Winckler Britt IF Henriksen Pip Nicholas Berit Hansen Cecilie Marie MejdellAbstract
In: I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer: Building sustainable rural futures, Proceedings of the 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4-7 July 2010, Vienna (Austria), WS 1.8, pp. 683-691. Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna (ISBN 978-3-200-01908-9).
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
We have mapped the quality of pasture resources for sheep grazing outdoor all year on ten localities along the west coast of Norway, using a classification scheme developed for this purpose. The classes reflect fodder value throughout the year. We performed an accuracy assessment, and identified possible sources of error. The accuracy is relatively low, and like others, we found that separating heath classes is a challenge. However, most errors can be explained by special mislocation and temporal change. Our further work with exploring grazing habits and landscape use of Old Norse sheep will include a GPS study of sheep movements overlaid with our pasture maps. We will update the map on that locality through field visits to enhance its accuracy.
Authors
Petter D. Jenssen Tore Krogstad Adam Paruch Trond Mæhlum Kinga Adam Carlos A. Arias Arve Heistad Lena Jonsson Daniel Hellström Hans Brix Markku Yli-Halla Lasse Vråle Matti ValveAbstract
Nine filter beds have been constructed in the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Filter beds consist of a septic tank followed by an aerobic pre-treatment biofilter and a subsequent saturated flow grass-covered filter. Thus, filter beds are similar to subsurface flow constructed wetlands with pre-treatment biofilters. but do not have wetland plants with roots submerged into the saturated filter. All saturated filters contain Filtralite (R) P. a light-weight expanded clay aggregate possessing high phosphorus sorption capacity. The filter bed systems showed stable and consistent performance during the. testing period of 3 years. Removal of organic matter measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BUD) was >80%, total phosphorus (TP) >94% and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 32 to 66%. Effluent concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria met the European bathing water quality criteria in all systems. One system was investigated for virus removal and somatic viruses were not detected in the effluent. The investigations revealed that the majority of the BOD and nitrogen removal occurred in the pre-treatment filters and the phosphorus and bacteria removal was more prominent in the saturated filters. The saturated filters could be built substantially smaller than the current design guidelines without sacrificing treatment performance. The used filter material met the Norwegian regulations for reuse in agriculture with respect to heavy metals, bacteria and parasites. When saturated with phosphorus, the light-weight aggregate. Filtralite (R) P used in the saturated bed is a suitable phosphorus fertilizer and additionally has a liming effect. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors
Eivind Uleberg Theodorus MeuwissenAbstract
P>The effect on power and precision of including the causative SNP amongst the investigated markers in Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping experiments was investigated. Three fine mapping methods were tested to see which was most efficient in finding the causative mutation: combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping (LLD); association mapping (MARK); a combination of LLD and association mapping (LLDMARK). Two simulated data sets were analysed: in one set, the causative SNP was included amongst the markers, while in the other set the causative SNP was masked between markers. Including the causative SNP amongst the markers increased both precision and power in the analyses. For the LLD method the number of correctly positioned QTL increased from 17 for the analysis without the causative SNP to 77 for the analysis including the causative SNP. The likelihood of the data analysis increased from 3.4 to 13.3 likelihood units for the MARK method when the causative SNP was included. When the causative SNP was masked between the analysed markers, the LLD method was most efficient in detecting the correct QTL position, while the MARK method was most efficient when the causative SNP was included as a marker in the analysis. The LLDMARK method, combining association mapping and LLD, assumes a QTL as the null hypothesis (using LLD method) and tests whether the 'putative causative SNP' explains significantly more variance than a QTL in the region. Thus, if the putative causative SNP does not only give an Identical-By-Descent (IBD) signal, but also an Alike-In-State (AIS) signal, LLDMARK gives a positive likelihood ratio. LLDMARK detected less than half as many causative SNPs as the other methods, and also had a relatively high false discovery rate when the QTL effect was large. LLDMARK may however be more robust against spurious associations, because the regional IBD is largely corrected for by fitting a QTL effect in the null hypothesis model.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered