Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2013
Authors
David Gadoury Arne Stensvand Belachew Asalf Tadesse R.C. Seem Anne Marte Tronsmo Kiersten BekosckeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Arne StensvandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lise AanensenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
To better understand the historic range of variability in the fire regime of Fennoscandian boreal forests we cross-dated 736 fire scars of remnant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples in a 3.6 km2 section of the Trillemarka-Rollagsfjell Reserve of south-central Norway. Using a kernel range application in GIS we spatially delineated 57 individual forest fires between 1350 and the present. We found a strong anthropogenic signal in the fire regime from 1600 and onwards: (i) infrequent variably sized fires prior to 1600 shifted to frequent fires gradually decreasing in size during the 1600s and 1700s, with only a few small fires after 1800; (ii) time intervals between fires and the hazard of burning showed substantial differences pre- and post-1600; (iii) fire seasonality changed from late- to early-season fires from the 1626 fire and onwards; and (iv) fire severity decreased gradually over time. Written sources corroborated our results, narrating a history where anthropogenic forest fires and slash-and-burn cultivation expanded with the increasing population from the late 1500s. Concurrently, timber resources increased in value, gradually forcing slash-and-burn cultivators to abandon fires on forest land. Our results strengthen and expand previous Fennoscandian findings on the anthropogenic influence of historic fire regimes.
Authors
Merete Dees May Bente Brurberg Anne Marte Tronsmo Arild Sletten Arne Hermansen Leslie A WannerAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Peter Waldner Anne Thimonier Maria Schmitt Aldo Marchetto Michela Rogora Oliver Granke Volker Mues Karin Hansen Gunilla Pihl-Karlsson Daniel lindra Nicholas Clarke Arne Verstraeten Andis Lazdins Claus Schimming Carmen Iacoban Antti-Jussi Lindroos Elena Iordanova Vanguelova Sue Benham Henning Meesenburg Manuel Nicholas Anna Kowalska Vladislav Apuhtin Ulle Nappa Zora Lachmanová Markus Neumann Albert Bleeker Morten Ingerslev Juan Molina Lars Vesterdal Walter Seidling Uwe Fischer Richard Fischer Martin LorenzAbstract
Atmospheric deposition to forests has been monitored in the frame of the ICP Forests programme with sampling and analyses of bulk and throughfall deposition at several hundred forested Level II plots for more than 15 years now. Current deposition of inorganic nitrogen and sulphate is highest in Northern Central Europe as well as in some regions in southern parts. In this study we compared linear regression and MannKendall trend analyses techniques. The choice of method had an influence on the number of trends identified as being significant. We showed that the minimal detectable trends can be estimated with the mean short term temporal variability of the deposition, which is to a large extent due to meteorological variations, such as the precipitation and circulation patterns. The overall decreasing trends for inorganic N and SO42- in the past decade of about 3% and 6% require time series of about 10 and 6 years respectively to detect a trend on a plot with statistical significance. Past reduction of human emission reduced atmospheric deposition of acidifying and eutrophying compounds. This could be confirmed due to the availability of long-term data series. However, further reductions are required to reduce deposition to forests below critical loads for the whole of Europe.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To grow remontant strawberries at high latitudes in autumn is challenging because of short days and low light levels. Nevertheless, current day and night temperatures in Norwegian coastal areas up to 63 degrees N are normally sufficient for growth and fruit development till early October, and even higher temperatures can be expected in the future according to climatic scenarios, with potential to prolong the growing season. However, light would be a minimum factor. It is therefore of interest to examine the effects of providing supplemental light when photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) falls below critical level for development of high fruit quality. OBJECTIVE: To examine effects on fruit yield parameters, fruit tension, Brix° and arthropod numbers, in order to investigate the potential of LED lighting using diodes giving red and blue light, as a means to prolong the growing season at northern latitudes. METHOD: In this two-year study remontant strawberry cvs ‘Everest’ and ‘Rondo’ were grown in high polytunnels. Two LED lighting levels (LED100 and LED300) were applied from 7 Pm to 7 AM, whenever light intensity fell below 400 μmol m−2 s−1 from first week of September, and compared to ambient light (control). The LED300 was peaking at wavelengths of 460 nm and 660 nm, respectively blue and red, and the relation between blue and red light was 1 : 8; LED100 delivered similar wavelengths but the blue to red relation was 2 : 8. Fruit yield, soluble solids (Brix°), fruit firmness, temperature (°C), dew point (°C), and PAR light (μmol m−2 s−1) were recorded. The experimental design was block with four replications. The lamps were hung with the light source 40 cm above top of canopy, giving a PAR radiation at top of canopy of LED100 and LED300 of respectively 900 and 258 μmol m−2 s−1. RESULTS: LED improved fruit yield and quality, but more at 900 than at 258 μmol m−2 s−1. However, highest light level was probably beyond the saturation point for photosynthesis, at least in early morning and late evening and the last three weeks of the harvesting season, because of low temperatures. Some fruit yield was not harvested because of too low temperatures to achieve ripen fruits after mid-October. Arthropods were sampled from ‘Rondo’ leaves 2–3 times per season, and aphids, spider mites and predatory mites (introduced) were the most numerous groups. LED significantly decreased the number of spider mites in the autumn. CONCLUSIONS: LED lighting has potential as light source growing remontant strawberries in high polytunnels, when PAR radiation is below 400 μmol m−2 s−1. However, to benefit fully of the light it would be necessary to grow the plants in winter tunnels and add heating. That would increase the yields significantly compared with our results.
Abstract
Overview of the chemical suppliers' perspectives and impact on innovation in the wood treating industry Methods: Personal Interviews Data Source: 14 interviews of managers in three chemical companies and three of their customers Key Findings: 1) Managers of companies manufacturing wood preservatives see their customer base as highly conservative and lacking innovation. 2) Big box retailers have an important impact on innovation in the wood treating sector. 3) Chemical suppliers are important for both product
Authors
R. Cuadra Ricardo HolgadoAbstract
No abstract has been registered