Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Authors
Inger Skrede Monica Hongrø Solbakken Jaqueline Hess Carl Gunnar Fossdal Olav Aaseth Hegnar Gry AlfredsenAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differential expression profiles of the brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta (previously Postia placenta) harvested at several time points when grown on radiata pine (Pinus radiata) and radiata pine with three different levels of modification by furfuryl alcohol, an environmentally benign commercial wood protection system. The entire gene expression pattern of a decay fungus was followed in untreated and modified wood from initial to advanced stages of decay. The results support the current model of a two-step decay mechanism, with the expression of genes related to initial oxidative depolymerization, followed by an accumulation of transcripts of genes related to the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. When the wood decay process is finished, the fungus goes into starvation mode after five weeks when grown on unmodified radiata pine wood. The pattern of repression of oxidative processes and oxalic acid synthesis found in radiata pine at later stages of decay is not mirrored for the high-furfurylation treatment. The high treatment level provided a more unpredictable expression pattern throughout the incubation period. Furfurylation does not seem to directly influence the expression of core plant cell wall-hydrolyzing enzymes, as a delayed and prolonged, but similar, pattern was observed in the radiata pine and the modified experiments. This indicates that the fungus starts a common decay process in the modified wood but proceeds at a slower pace as access to the plant cell wall polysaccharides is restricted. This is further supported by the downregulation of hydrolytic enzymes for the high treatment level at the last harvest point (mass loss, 14%). Moreover, the mass loss does not increase during the last weeks. Collectively, this indicates a potential threshold for lower mass loss for the high-furfurylation treatment. IMPORTANCE Fungi are important decomposers of woody biomass in natural habitats. Investigation of the mechanisms employed by decay fungi in their attempt to degrade wood is important for both the basic scientific understanding of ecology and carbon cycling in nature and for applied uses of woody materials. For wooden building materials, long service life and carbon storage are essential, but decay fungi are responsible for massive losses of wood in service. Thus, the optimization of durable wood products for the future is of major importance. In this study, we have investigated the fungal genetic response to furfurylated wood, a commercial environmentally benign wood modification approach that improves the service life of wood in outdoor applications. Our results show that there is a delayed wood decay by the fungus as a response to furfurylated wood, and new knowledge about the mechanisms behind the delay is provided.
Authors
Dajana Blagojevic YeonKyeong Lee Dag Anders Brede Ole Christian Lind Igor A. Yakovlev Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Carl Gunnar Fossdal Brit Salbu Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenAbstract
Main conclusion Persistent DNA damage in gamma-exposed Norway spruce, Scots pine and Arabidopsis thaliana, but persistent adverse effects at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers only. Gamma radiation emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources may have strong negative impact on plants, especially at high dose rates. Although previous studies implied different sensitivity among species, information from comparative studies under standardized conditions is scarce. In this study, sensitivity to gamma radiation was compared in young seedlings of the conifers Scots pine and Norway spruce and the herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana by exposure to 60Co gamma dose rates of 1–540 mGy h−1 for 144 h, as well as 360 h for A. thaliana. Consistent with slightly less prominent shoot apical meristem, in the conifers growth was significantly inhibited with increasing dose rate ≥ 40 mGy h−1. Post-irradiation, the conifers showed dose-rate-dependent inhibition of needle and root development consistent with increasingly disorganized apical meristems with increasing dose rate, visible damage and mortality after exposure to ≥ 40 mGy h−1. Regardless of gamma duration, A. thaliana showed no visible or histological damage or mortality, only delayed lateral root development after ≥ 100 mGy h−1 and slightly, but transiently delayed post-irradiation reproductive development after ≥ 400 mGy h−1. In all species dose-rate-dependent DNA damage occurred following ≥ 1–10 mGy h−1 and was still at a similar level at day 44 post-irradiation. In conclusion, the persistent DNA damage (possible genomic instability) following gamma exposure in all species may suggest that DNA repair is not necessarily mobilized more extensively in A. thaliana than in Norway spruce and Scots pine, and the far higher sensitivity at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers indicates lower tolerance to DNA damage than in A. thaliana.
Authors
Hanno Sandvik Olga Hilmo Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Hanne Hegre Toril Loennechen Moen Trond Rafoss Olav Skarpaas Reidar Elven Helge Sandmark Lisbeth GederaasAbstract
© The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Nicholas F. Britton Iulia Martina Bulai Stephanie Saussure Niels Holst Ezio VenturinoAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Maria Stenberg Jarosław Stalenga Jørgen E. Olesen Maike Krauss Paweł Radzikowski Jordi Doltra Shahid Nadeem Torfinn Torp Valentini Pappa Christine A. WatsonAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
N. Feau Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon S. Beauseigle G. J. Bilodeau A. Brar S. Cervantes-Arango A. L. Dale B. Dhillon C. Hammett P. Herath S. F. Shamoun C. K. M. Tsui P. Tanguay R. C. HamelinAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea is a highly valued herbal medicinal plant. It is growing wild in most parts of Norway and mountainous areas around the world. The marker compounds are salidroside, cinnamyl alcohol, glycosides (rosine, rosavine, rosarine), flavonoids (rhodionin, rhodiosin, rhodiolin) and terpens (Galambosi 1999), where the rosavins are unique to R. rosea. In Norway, germplasm collections of R. rosea are maintained by NIBIO; at Apelsvoll in Southern Norway, consisting of 97 different clones. The ranges in content of secondary metabolites in the collection are for rosavin 2.90-85.95 mg g-1, salidroside 0.03-12.85 mg g-1, rosin 0.08-4.75 mg g-1, tyrosol 0.04-2.15 mg g-1 and cinnamyl alcohol 0.02-1.18 mg g-1. A number of different studies have been performed on how biotic and abiotic factors affects the yield of the roots as well the content in metabolites. We find that the flowering of the plant is dependent on cool temperatures during dormancy and thus climatic changes may affect the plant development as well as the production of metabolites. Studies performed in Norway as well as between European countries shows that geographical location affects the content of metabolites and here also variation in clones are a player. In the present presentation results from these and more studies will be presented. Also comprising results on the effect of white-, blue- and red light on the growth and chemical composition of greenhouse grown plants.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Faecal contamination is one of the major factors affecting biological water quality. In this study, we investigated microbial taxonomic diversity of faecally polluted lotic ecosystems in Norway. These ecosystems comprise tributaries of drinking water reservoirs with moderate and high faecal contamination levels, an urban creek exposed to extremely high faecal pollution and a rural creek that was the least faecally polluted. The faecal water contamination had both anthropogenic and zoogenic origins identified through quantitative microbial source tracking applying host‐specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA genetic markers. The microbial community composition revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (70–90% relative abundance) were the most dominant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, especially in waters exposed to anthropogenic faecal contamination. The core archaeal community consisted of Parvarchaeota (mainly in the tributaries of drinking water reservoirs) and Crenarchaeota (in the rural creek). The aquatic microbial diversity was substantially reduced in water with severe faecal contamination. In addition, the community compositions diverge between waters with dominant anthropogenic or zoogenic pollution origins. These findings present novel interpretations of the effect of anthropo‐zoogenic faecal water contamination on microbial diversity in lotic ecosystems.