Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2012
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Authors
Tore SkrøppaAbstract
Forests and wooded land cover 39 % of the land area of Norway and productive forest amounts to 8.3 million hectares. Two conifer species, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, dominate the forest area; they cover 71 % of the forest area and 84 % of total volume. The annual harvest is at present less than 50 % of the annual increment. Forestry and the wood industry have great financial importance in Norway, and timber and wood products have a gross value of 5 % of the total gross domestic product. Forestry is characterized by small-scale properties which to a large extent are privately owned. The main objective of the forest policy is to promote sustainable forest management with a view to promote active, local and economic development, and to secure biological diversity, considerations for the landscape, outdoor recreation and the cultural values associated with the forest. Forest management plans are important instruments to obtain these goals. Three targeted programmes have high priority in the present forest policy: forests and climate, increased use of wood and bioenergy. Active use of the forest genetic resources may contribute to the success of these programmes. Species composition and distribution of forest trees in Norway is largely determined by the following factors: the invasion of tree species after the Ice Age, subsequent climatic changes and human activities ....
Authors
M. Lindblad T. Börjesson V Hietaniemi Oleif ElenAbstract
The relationship between weather data and agronomical factors and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in oats was examined with the aim of developing a predictive model. Data were collected from a total of 674 fields during periods of up to 10 years in Finland, Norway and Sweden, and included DON levels in the harvested oats crop, agronomical factors and weather data. The results show that there was a large regional variation in DON levels, with higher levels in one region in Norway compared with other regions in Norway, Finland and Sweden. In this region the median DON level was 1000 ng g–1 and the regulatory limit for human consumption (1750 ng g–1) was exceeded in 28% of the samples. In other regions the median DON levels ranged from 75 to 270 ng g–1, and DON levels exceeded 1750 ng g–1 in 3–8% of the samples. Including more variables than region in a multiple regression model only increased the adjusted coefficient of determination from 0.17 to 0.24, indicating that very little of the variation in DON levels could be explained by weather data or agronomical factors. Thus, it was not possible to predict DON levels based on the variables included in this study. Further studies are needed to solve this problem. Apparently the infection and/or growth of DON producing Fusarium species are promoted in certain regions. One possibility may be to study the species distribution of fungal communities and their changes during the oats cultivation period in more detail.
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Christer MagnussonAbstract
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Peter Dörsch Linn Hovlandsdal Samson Øpstad Lars BakkenAbstract
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Authors
Carl Gunnar Fossdal Ari M. Hietala Igor A. Yakovlev Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad Emil Stefaczyk Halvor SolheimAbstract
The GH61 represents the most enigmatic Glycoside Hydrolase Family (GH) regarding putative enzymatic activity and importance in cellulose degradation. Heterobasidion irregulare is a necrotizing pathogen and white rot fungus, causing enormous damages in conifer forests.The genome of H. irregulare allowed identification of ten HiGH61 genes. qRT-PCR analysis separate the HiGH61 members into two groups; one that show up regulation on lignocellulosic substrates and another that show either down regulation or constitutive expression. This grouping suggests that the fungus relates different sets of GH61s for different substrates, like in the various stages of necrotizing and saprophytic growth on the host.One HiGH61 showed up to 17000 fold increase on spruce heartwood suggesting a pivotal role in cellulose decomposition during saprophytic growth. Sequence analysis of these genes reveals that all GH61s but one possess the conserved metal binding motif predicted to be essential for activity.The sequences also divide into groups having either an insert near the N-terminus or an insert near the second catalytic histidine, which both may represent extensions of the substrate binding surface. Three HiGH61s encode cellulose-binding modules (CBM1), indicating direct targeting of crystalline cellulose, two being up regulated on pure cellulose.There was a common substrate-specific induction patterns of the HiGH61s with several reference cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic GHs, this taken together with their low levels on media lacking lignocellulose, reflect the concerted nature of cell wall polymer degradation.
Authors
Igor A. Yakovlev Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad Ari Hietala Emil Stefanczyk Halvor Solheim Carl Gunnar FossdalAbstract
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Authors
Sekhar Udaya Nagothu David Nicholas Barton A.K. Gosain K. Palanisami Kota Tirupathaiah Per Stålnacke Sanjay Gupta Johannes DeelstraAbstract
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