Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2023
Authors
Till SeehusenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Kim Viggo Paulsen Weiby Sophie Julie Krizsan Ingjerd Dønnem Liv Østrem Margrete Eknæs Håvard SteinshamnAbstract
Mitigating enteric methane (CH4) emissions is crucial as ruminants account for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesised that less frequent harvesting, use of crops with lower WSC concentration, ensiling at low crop dry matter (DM) and extensive lactic acid fermentation would reduce in vitro CH4 production. Timothy (T), timothy + red clover mixture (T + RC) or perennial ryegrass (RG), cut either two or three times per season, was wilted to 22.5% or 37.5% DM and ensiled with or without formic acid-based additive. Silages were analysed for chemical composition and fermentation products. In vitro CH4 production was measured using an automated gas in vitro system. Methane production was, on average, 2.8 mL/g OM lower in the two-cut system than in the three-cut system (P < 0.001), and 1.9 mL/g OM lower in T than in RG (P < 0.001). Silage DM did not affect CH4 production (P = 0.235), but formic acid increased CH4 production by 1.2 mL/g OM compared to the untreated silage (P = 0.003). In conclusion, less frequent harvesting and extensive silage fermentation reduce in vitro CH4 production, while RG in comparison to T resulted in higher production of CH4.
Abstract
Supplemental feeding of cervids during winter is a widespread management practice, but feeding may increase the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, legal regulations to limit supplemental feeding are often implemented when dealing with severe infectious diseases, such as chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. However, it is currently unclear whether these regulations result in decreased spatial clustering and aggregation as intended. Supplemental feeding is expected to restrict the movement of cervids. Therefore, a ban on feeding may also result in wider space use and a risk of geographic spread of disease. The space use of 63 GPS-marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) was investigated before (n = 34) and after (n = 29) the implementation of a legal regulation aimed at limiting the supplemental feeding of cervids during winter in a CWD-affected region of Nordfjella, Norway. Snow depth was the main determinant of the space use for red deer. A moderate reduction in the number of GPS positions in spatial clusters was evident during periods of deep snow once the ban was in place. Sizes of core areas (Kernel 50%), home ranges (Kernel 95%), and dispersion (MCP 100%, number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) declined from January to March and with increasing snow depth. Dispersion (number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) did not depend on snow depth after the ban, and red deer used larger areas when snow depth was high after the ban compared to before. The ban on supplementary feeding had no effect on size of core areas or home ranges. Several potential factors can explain the overall weak effect of the ban on space use, including the use of agricultural fields by red deer, other anthropogenic feeding, and landscape topography. This study highlights that snow depth is the main factor determining space use during winter, and it remains to be determined whether the moderate reduction in spatial clustering during deep snow after the ban was sufficient to lower the risk of disease transmission.
Abstract
The maturity stage of carrot and the temperature strategy during storage are essential factors in maintaining storage quality during long-term storage. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of maturity and storage strategy on storage quality in different cultivars of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Two cultivars, ‘Nominator’ and ‘Romance’, harvested at three different maturity levels were stored with different temperature strategies in small-scale experimental stores. The different maturity levels were obtained by different sowing dates. The study was conducted over 2 years and storage seasons in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The carrots were stored with three different temperature strategies with stable temperature at 0, 2 or 0°C interrupted with intervals of 2 weeks with 4°C in February and in March. After six-months storage we found that weight loss was higher (7.8%) after storage when the temperature was not stable during storage (fluctuations up to 4°C in February and March) than at stable temperatures at 0 or 2°C. The number of healthy roots after storage was highest in the most mature carrots (91%) while there were less healthy roots in the least mature roots (85%) (P<0.05). Diseases detected after storage were gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), liquorice rot (Mycocentrospora acerina), tip rot, crater rot (Fibularhizoctonia carotae), Fusarium rot (Fusarium spp.) and cavity spot (Pythium spp.). There was significantly more liquorice rot in Nominator (1.9%) than in Romance (0.6%). There was more tip rot in the least mature carrots (3.3%) compared to the other two maturity levels (1.3 and 1.5%).
Abstract
High yields are needed for profitability under shielded strawberry production. June bearing strawberry cultivars require a short day (SD) period in order to initiate generative growth. Nitrogen availability going into the SD-period, as well as during the period, can affect the process. To increase the knowledge about optimized nitrogen fertilizing, an experiment was set up under controlled conditions. Strawberry plants of the cultivar ‘Sonata’ were grown under combinations of different levels of nitrogen to evaluate its effect on timing on growth, flowering time and the number of flowers produced. The result showed that the time for opening of the first flower, the interaction between the pre-SD nitrogen level and the nitrogen level applied during the SD had the highest impact, and that low levels pre-SD flowered earlier. The number of flowers produced was affected by both pre-SD and SD nitrogen level as well as its interactions. Low nitrogen levels throughout had low yield potential while when low pre-SD nitrogen level was followed by high levels during SD, the yield increased.
Authors
Mathias Amundsen Laura Jaakola Kjersti Aaby Inger Martinussen N. Kelanne S. Tuominen O. Laaksonen B. Yang Anne Linn HykkerudAbstract
Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from two locations, northern (69°N, 18°E) and southern (59°N, 10°E) Norway, were grown under controlled conditions in a phytotron at two temperatures (9 and 15 °C) to study the effects of the ripening temperature and origin on the chemical composition of the berries. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids as well as the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined using chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Five anthocyanins, eleven flavonols, eight cinnamic acid derivatives, three flavan-3-ols, three sugars, three organic acids, and 77 VOCs were identified, of which 40 VOCs had not previously been reported in lingonberries. Berries from both locations, were found to have higher contents of anthocyanins and cinnamic acid derivatives when ripened at lower temperature (9 °C), compared to the higher temperature (15 °C). Lingonberries of northern origin had a different VOC profile and higher contents of anthocyanins and organic acids than berries originating from the south. Lingonberries from the northern location also had higher proportions of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside than lingonberries from the southern location. The results show that the composition of lingonberries is influenced by both the environment and the origin of the plants, with phenolic compounds mainly influenced by the growth temperature and VOCs mainly influenced by plant origin.
Abstract
Nutrient uptake and transport depend on the root system of a tree. Various apple rootstock genotypes may interact fruit tree nutrition. In 2017, two multi-location apple rootstock trials were established at 16 sites in 12 European countries. The evaluations are performed by members of the EUFRIN (European Fruit Research Institute Network) Apple & Pear Variety & Rootstock Testing Working Group. Following rootstocks are included in the tests: G.11, G.41, G.202 and G.935 (US), EM_01, EM_02, EM_03, EM_04, EM_05 and EM_06 (UK), 62-396-B10® (Russia), P 67 (Poland), NZ-A, NZ-B, NZ-C and NZ-D (New Zealand) and Cepiland-Pajam®2 as control. The effect of rootstocks on the mineral content of leaf and fruit was studied at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2019-2020. The leaf and fruit mineral concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and leaf mineral content of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) were measured. Significant rootstock effect was established on leaf P, Mg, Zn, Mn, B, and fruit Ca and Mg content. Rootstocks EM_01 and G.41 were the most efficient in leaf mineral uptake, while G.935 had the lowest content of all leaf macro nutrients. Rootstocks EM_06 and P 67 were the most efficient in fruit mineral uptake, while EM_02 had the lowest content of three nutrients. Current research reveals differences among rootstocks and their capacity to absorb separate minerals and enables creation of rootstock specific nutrition management.
Authors
Anne Marthe Lundby Wendy Marie Waalen Anne Kjersti Uhlen Svein Halvor Knutsen Anne-Berit WoldAbstract
The aim was to explore the impact of temperature during seed development on yield performance and seed quality in faba bean when grown at cool temperatures representative for high latitude regions. Two varieties, an early and a medium late maturing, were grown in climate chambers with three temperature regimes (day/night temperatures of 14°C/12°C, 19°C/12°C, and 24°C/12°C) from onset of flowering to maturation. Yield components were recorded, and the accumulation of protein, starch, and low molecular weight carbohydrates including the raffinose family oligosaccharides was followed during the accumulation phase until physiological maturity. The lower temperature regimes strongly delayed pod and seed development compared with 24°C/12°C. Temperature affected the number of pods per plant for the upper node group. Plants grown at 19°C had the highest total dry seed weight compared with plants grown at 14°C and 24°C. Temperature per se did not influence the content of starch, protein, and low molecular weight carbohydrates, while their accumulation followed the moisture content in the seed, and thus the seed development stage. The content of raffinose family oligosaccharides increased sharply when the seed moisture dropped below 70% and leveled off at about 40% and 50% moisture for verbascose and stachyose, respectively, coinciding with physiological maturity. The results provide more knowledge about the seed maturation and accumulation in faba bean under low temperatures, important for cultivation under high latitude regions.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The aim of the project is to evaluate and assess measures in lawn care management and at the same time to combine new techniques and alternative products to control diseases such as snow mold (Microdochium nivale) and dollar spots (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) without or with a greatly reduced use of pesticides. Therefore, the lawn research group of the NIBIO (Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research) started a project on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) with a focus on the most important fungal diseases and insect pests on golf turf. The project is supported by STERF (Scandinavian Turf and Environmental Research Foundation) and the R&A (The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews) as main sponsors, as well as by the German Golf Association, the Netherlands Golf Federation sponsor, the Botaniska Analysgruppen Sweden and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. The current project aims is to develop new findings with regard to the increasing challenges in dealing with the above-mentioned pests. The two questions to check are: (1) the effectiveness of the “rolling” of greens (dollar spot treatment) and the effectivity of UV-C exposure (snow mold prevention). For this reason, two different attempts were made on a putting green at the golf course Osnabrueck (Bissendorf-Jeggen).