Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Authors
Inna Ryzhik Dmitriy Pugovkin Mikhail Makarov Michael Roleda Larisa Basova Grigoriy VoskoboynikovAbstract
The viability and physiological state of brown macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and its associated epiphytic bacteria exposed to diesel water-accommodated fraction (WAF), as well as the capacity of this association to deplete petroleum hydrocarbons (HCs) were experimentally tested. After a 6-day exposure treatment, the algal-surface associated bacteria were identified as primarily hydrocarbon-oxidising bacteria (HOB), and the algal-HOB association was able to deplete petroleum hydrocarbons from the diesel WAF by 80%. The HOB density on the algal surface exposed to diesel WAF was 350% higher compared to the control (i.e. HOB density on the algal surface exposed to ambient seawater), which suggest that they actively proliferated in the presence of hydrocarbons and most likely consumed hydrocarbons as their primary organic substrate. Exposure to diesel WAF did not affect the metabolic activity of F. vesiculosus. Higher lipid peroxidation was observed in F. vesiculosus exposed to diesel WAF while catalase concentration decreased only during the first day of exposure. Results suggest F. vesiculosus is tolerant to oil pollution and the algal-HOB association can efficiently deplete petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated seas.
Authors
Ingunn M. VågenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ingunn M. Vågen Ulrika Carlson-Nilsson Karolina Aloisi Søren K. Rasmussen Gert Poulsen Matti W Leino Pertti Pärssinen Ari Rajala Anna PalmeAbstract
The “Arctic peas” project Climate changes expected in the near future will result in higher temperatures and longer growing season at high latitudes. This might open up for possibilities for pea production in Arctic and northern areas, and the need for cultivars more adapted to northern conditions is likely to increase. At NordGen - a common genebank for all the Nordic countries - a large number of Nordic pea accessions are conserved, including both cultivars, landraces and breeding material. Does this material hold keys to the future? The ongoing Nordic cooperation research project «Arctic peas» aims to identify germplasm of peas well adapted either for breeding or immediate cultivation in the Arctic/Nordic regions. The project evaluates important traits in 50 selected accessions from NordGen in field trials at four contrasting Nordic locations, at latitudes ranging from 55° to 69° N (see map). Among the evaluated traits are flowering time, maturation time and yield, as well as protein content. Will the genetic material show different expressions at locations with clear distinction in daylength, temperature and climate? The project also aims to increase the knowledge and use of the Nordic pea accessions conserved at NordGen, and strengthen the collaboration between companies, organizations and researchers in the Nordic countries.
Authors
Steffen AdlerAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Minimising outputs of waste and pollution by recycling and efficient utilisation of renewable resources is of common interest for organic agriculture and the concepts of circular and bioeconomy. However, in practice, many efforts to increase recycling of various biological materials in organic agriculture are hampered because standards for certified organic production and processing tend to prefer natural products while avoiding processing and especially chemical processes. This creates several dilemmas and weakens the position of organic agriculture as a spear head in the development of a better resource utilisation which will reduce environmental impacts from food production. Based on practical examples derived from projects aimed at better utilisation of residual materials in various food chains, this paper presents some of these dilemmas. Our aim is to initiate a discussion among organic agriculture stakeholders about the regulations for organic production, how they restrict recycling and a better utilisation of valuable resources, and how this can be overcome.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Jordi Doltra Patricia Gallejones Jørgen E. Olesen Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Maike Krauss Jarosław Stalenga Krzysztof Jończyk Adela Martínez-Fernández Gaio Cesare PaciniAbstract
Soil fertility building measures should be explored at the short and long-term for an adequate evaluation of their impact on sustaining yields and of its environmental consequences in crop rotations under organic farming. For such a purpose, process-based crop models are potential useful tools to complement and upscale field observations under a range of soil and climatic conditions. Organic rotations differ in soil fertility dynamics in comparison to conventional farming but very few modelling studies have explicitly considered this specific situation. Here, we evaluate the FASSET model to predict the effects of different fertility management options in organic crop rotations on dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) yield, and soil N dynamics, including N2O emissions. For that, we used data from seven short and long-term field experiments in different agro-climatic environments in Europe (Norway, Denmark, Poland, Switzerland, Italy and Spain) including climate, soil and management data. Soil fertility building measures covered fertilization type, green manures, cover crops, tillage, crop rotation composition and management (organic or conventional). Model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values of crop DM and N yield, soil mineral N and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using five complementary statistical indices. The model closely reproduced most observed DM and N yield trends and effects of soil fertility building measures in arable crops, particularly in cereals. Contrary, yields of grass-clover, especially N, were generally reproduced with low degree of accuracy. Model performance for simulating soil mineral N depended on site and the availability of soil and management information. Although high uncertainty was associated to the simulation of soil N dynamics, differences of cumulative N2O emissions between fertility building measures were reflected in model outputs. Aspects for modelling improvement include cover crop growth and decomposition, biological N fixation (BNF) or weed and pest soil-crop interactions. It is concluded that FASSET can be successfully used to investigate the impact of fertilization type, green manures, tillage and management (organic or conventional) on crop productivity and to a certain extent on soil N dynamics including soil N2O emissions at different soils and climates in organic farming in Europe.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the effects of personality traits on the consumption of wine and beer. We used a survey to investigate the associations between personality traits and the differences in expected consumption frequencies of wine and beer for 3,482 Norwegian respondents. High scores on extraversion and openness to experiences increased the expected frequency of wine consumption, high score on agreeableness reduced the frequency of wine consumption, while scores on conscientiousness and neuroticism had no effects. For beer, there were no significant effects between personality traits and the frequency of consumption.
Authors
Frode VeggelandAbstract
No abstract has been registered