Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Marianne BechmannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marianne Bechmann Dennis Collentine Flemming Gertz Morten Graversgaard Berith Hasler Janne Helin Brian Jacobsen Katri Rankinen Karen RefsgaardAbstract
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Authors
Eva Skarbøvik Ian Allan Per Stålnacke Tore Høgåsen Inga Greipsland John Rune Selvik Liv Bente Skancke Stein BeldringAbstract
Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters in 2015 have been estimated in accordance with the OSPAR Commission’s principles. Nutrients, metals and organic pollutants have been monitored in rivers; discharges from point sources have been estimated from industry, sewage treatment plants and fish farming; and nutrient inputs from diffuse sources have been modelled. Trends in riverine inputs have been analyzed, and threshold concentration levels investigated.
Abstract
Finding new ways to simultaneously account for monetary and non-monetary goals in ecosystem services is needed in order to establish a new modelling framework for the facilitation of trade-offs between competing stakeholder interests. The socioecological sustainability of an ecosystem service is dependent on the consent of the people in the area of the ESS. An important reason is that a given ecosystem service may have highly different value in different stakeholder cultures. In this aspect is also the understanding of disservices and hidden services. The kind and level of conflict tend to differ with location and the operational level of decision-making. It is crucial work to identify all linked subservices and organise them into a common framework for evaluation. In our research group (MULTIESS) we try to develop multi-criteria tools to assess the implications of prioritizing different interests on ecological, sociological and economic output. Similarly, changes in the human population and environment will interact and influence on the services and their values, demanding such parameters to be evaluated for the whole range of potential scenarios. We maintain that in order to make multi-criteria analyses (MCA) successful, service outputs and externalities must and can be measured in familiar terms (e.g. money, biomass) without the use of direct or stated pricing of non-commodities such as welfare, recreation or biodiversity.
Authors
Agnar Kvalbein Arne Tronsmo Anne Mette Dahl Jensen Karin Juul Hesselsøe Trygve S. Aamlid Maria StrandbergAbstract
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This report gives a summary of results from the STERF-project FESCUE GREEN 2011-2015.
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No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Satisfactory seed yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars is crucial for the availability of seeds on the market. Many breeders and researchers have used seed yield components to measure, compare, and explain differences in seed yield between diploid and tetraploid red clover cultivars and populations; however, the relative importance of each component varies between studies. In 2011 and 2012, single-plant trials with several tetraploid and one diploid red clover cultivar were established at the Norwegian plant breeding station at Bjørke. The goal was to study the impact of different seed-yield components on the seed yield of tetraploid plants. Seed weight per flower head was the seed-yield component that correlated best with the seed yield plant−1 (r = 0.91 and r = 0.68 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). Path coefficient analysis has also shown that the seed weight per flower head had the highest direct impact on seed yield plant−1 (direct path coefficients were 0.867 and 0.783 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). In comparison, the direct path coefficients for calculated number of flower heads, which was previously highlighted as the most important seed-yield component, were lower and more variable (0.739 and 0.392 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). Since previously seed yield per flower head was also identified as the most important seed-yield component in dense plant canopy, this component might have the potential to select for improved seed yield of new cultivars based on single plants. However, further studies are required to confirm this conclusion.
Authors
Helga Amdahl Trygve S. Aamlid Åshild Ergon Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Petter Marum Muath K Alsheikh Odd Arne RognliAbstract
While tetraploid plants of red clover are taller, have thicker stems, and have broader leaves that altogether result in a higher forage yield compared to diploids, they generally have substantially lower seed yields than diploid plants. Tetraploid red clover can be induced chemically by colchicine or nitrous oxide (N2O) and sexually by union of unreduced gametes. The average seed yield of tetraploid red clover in Norway is 60% of the diploid yield, while in Sweden it is 75%. One objective of this paper was to examine whether there is a difference in seed yield among chromosome doubled tetraploids and crossed tetraploids. A second objective was to investigate differences in seed yield and seed yield components in Norwegian and Swedish tetraploid populations. The third objective was to study which yield component most correlates with the seed yield per hectare. Seed production experiments were established at Landvik and Bjørke in Norway and Svalöv and Lännäs in Sweden. Populations made by crossings of tetraploids gave significantly greater yield (p < 0.001) compared to populations that were made by chromosome doubling. On average, Norwegian and Swedish varieties had equal yields in both experimental years. Norwegian and Swedish varieties differed mostly in earliness traits. Swedish populations began flowering on average 4 d earlier than Norwegian populations. Genotypic correlations showed that seed yield per flower head was the component with the highest correlation (r = 0.956 and r = 0.977) with yield per hectare in both experimental fields. Results from the second experimental year indicate a trend towards improved seed yield after several cycles of recurrent selection for higher seed yield per flower head.