Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2008
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B. D. Jensen L. Munk Anne-Marte Tronsmo Leif Sundheim M. Pirhonen A-L. Laine H. Sverrison A. Djurle H. Friberg J. YuenAbstract
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Visual assessment of maize ears and Fusarium spp. isolation from kernels were compared to determine resistance in 20 Zambian maize hybrids. The mean percentage Fusarium spp. isolations in non-inoculated field experiments varied between years (12-62%). Symptomless infection by Fusarium spp. had domination over symptomatic. More than 95% of the Fusarium species isolated were F. vertcillioides. A disease severity index and the percentage of visibly diseased, discoloured and damaged kernels did not differentiate hybrids with respect to Fusarium spp. ear rot under natural conditions. Artificial inoculation provided a good estimate of Fusarium spp. resistance based on visual symptoms in a year of moderate disease pressure, but not in a year of high disease pressure. The percentage Fusarium spp. isolations showed significant differences between hybrids after inoculation, and it was significantly negatively correlated with the number of days from planting to midsilk. Parental line L5522 contributed to hybrid resistance to Fusarium. The hybrids MM 701-1 and MM 752 were the most resistant among the 20 hybrids.
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A. Lehtinen A. Hannukkala B. Andersson Arne Hermansen Vinh Hong Le Ragnhild Nærstad May Bente Brurberg B.J. Nielsen J. G. Hansen J. YuenAbstract
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Halvor SolheimAbstract
Climate change may influence in a worse manner for the forests in various ways. Some pathogens may increase their importance and new may arrive. Root and butt rot is the most serious problem in Norway spruce forests. In mean more than every fourth tree is infested when harvested. Dryer summers may give increased frequency of rot caused by Heterobasidion. In addition Armillaria spp may gain change in weather condition both as root rot and in connection with a syndrome together with drought and bark beetles. More unstable winter climate may give increase of Gremmeniella attack on Scots pine. Longer and warmer growth season will give many pathogens better condition. Among those is Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing Dutch elm disease which is lasting in south eastern Norway at a rather low frequency and the volume of elm is not lower than for 15 years ago. In which way the newly introduced Chalara fraxinea will behave in Norway is uncertain, but a better growth season will probably also influence on the possibility to be spread all over Norway where ash are growing.
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Ips typographus is economically most important insect pest of mature spruce in Eurasia. Normally, it prefers to reproduce in dead and/or dying trees, but following large-scale storm disturbances, its outbreaks kill waste areas of living stands. One factor triggering such epidemics is a surplus of broken and uprooted trees with non-existent, or weak, defence....