Halvor Solheim
Research Professor (OAP Agreement)
Authors
P.W. Crous Z. Jurjević S. Balashov la De la Peña-Lastra A. Mateos U. Pinruan A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez E.R. Osieck A. Altés P. Czachura F. Esteve-Raventós S. Gunaseelan M. Kaliyaperumal E. Larsson J.J. Luangsa-Ard G. Moreno F. Pancorbo M. Piątek S. Sommai S. Somrithipol M. Asif G. Delgado A. Flakus T. Illescas K. Kezo P. Khamsuntorn A. Kubátová R. Labuda C. Lavoise T. Lebel P. Lueangjaroenkit J.G. Maciá-Vicente A. Paz M. Saba R.G. Shivas Y.P. Tan M.J. Wingfield Truls Aas B. Abramczyk A.M. Ainsworth A. Akulov P. Alvarado F. Armada B. Assyov R. Avchar M. Avesani J.L. Bezerra J.D. Bhat P. Bilański D.S. Bily F. Boccardo F. Bozok J.C. Campos S. Chaimongkol N. Chellappan M.M. Costa M. Dalecká V. Darmostuk V. Daskalopoulos J. Dearnaley B.T.M. Dentinger Silva De Silva D. Dhotre J.R. Díaz-Carlavilla C. Doungsa-Ard F. Dovana A. Erhard L.O. Ferro S.C. Gallegos C.E. Giles G. Gore M. Gorfer F.E. Guard S.-A. Hanson P. Haridev R. Jankowiak S.N. Jeffers H. Kandemir A. Karich K. Kisło L. Kiss I. Krisai-Greilhuber K.P.D. Latha M. Lorenzini S. Lumyong P. Manimohan J.L. Manjón F. Maula E. Mazur N.L.S. Mesquita K. Młynek S. Mongkolsamrit P. Morán R. Murugadoss M. Nagarajan S. Nalumpang W. Noisripoom S. Nosalj Q.S. Novaes M. Nowak J. Pawłowska M. Peiger O.L. Pereira A. Pinto M. Plaza E. Polemis A. Polhorský D.O. Ramos M. Raza M. Rivas-Ferreiro P. Rodriguez-Flakus M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska A. Sánchez A. Santos A. Schüller P.A. Scott I. Şen D. Shelke L. Śliwa Halvor Solheim H. Sonawane D. Strašiftáková M. Stryjak-Bogacka M. Sudsanguan N. Suwannarach L.M. Suz K. Syme H. Taşkın D.S. Tennakoon P. Tomka N. Vaghefi V. Vasan J. Vauras D. Wiktorowicz M. Villarreal A. Vizzini M. Wrzosek X. Yang W. Yingkunchao G. Zapparoli G.I. Zervakis J.Z. GroenewaldAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ari Hietala Wilson Lara Henao André Kolsgaard Simon Seljegard Nina Elisabeth Nagy Isabella Børja Tor Arne Justad Yngve Rekdal Even Bergseng Halvor SolheimAbstract
Forest grazing by free-roaming livestock is a common practice in many countries. The forestry sector sees the practice as unfortunate owing to several reasons, such as damages inflicted by grazing in young plantations. Concerning Norway spruce forests, a tree species known to develop wood decay with high frequency followed from stem bark damage, there is a strong perception among foresters that the trampling damage caused by livestock on the superficial root system of this tree leads to decay. Because of the very limited scientific documentation available on this topic, we pursued a clarification by investigating three 38- to 56-year-old Norway spruce forests used for silvopasture. Two types of injuries were observed on exposed roots: bark cracks characterized by resin exudation, and injuries involving localized bark peeling and exposure of the underlying wood. These injuries occurred up to 250 cm away from the root collar, with the sector 50–150 cm away from the root collar showing the highest incidence of injuries. In two of the forest stands, wood within the injured root areas was primarily colonized by the wound parasite Corinectria fuckeliana or species of the order Helotiales, fungi that do not cause wood decay. Wood colonization of injured roots by Heterobasidion species, the most frequent wood decay fungi of Norway spruce, was common in the third stand, but only in a few cases it was possible to deduce that the colonization had probably initiated via trampling injuries on roots. In a few cases, an injury was located at stem base at the root collar height along paths used by animals, and in such cases, it was obvious that stem colonization by Heterobasidion species had initiated via the wound. The relatively small amount of data warrants caution when drawing conclusions. Considering the high establishment frequency of decay via stem bark wounds of Norway spruce observed in previous studies, our data would suggest that roots are generally better equipped to defend themselves upon infliction of superficial wounds than stem of this tree species. The likelihood of trampling injuries leading to decay may vary considerably between different stands, this presumably depending on the level of local propagule pressure by pathogenic wood decay fungi and the frequency of damages close to root collar.
Authors
Robert Jankowiak Natalia Gumulak Piotr Bilański Halvor Solheim Marek Tomalak Michael J. WingfieldAbstract
Graphium species form a well-supported monophyletic lineage within the Microascales (Ascomycota). Members of this genus can be found in association with bark beetles, as well as on tree wounds and in soils. During surveys of bark and ambrosia beetle–associated fungi and cavities made by woodpeckers on hardwood trees in Poland, many isolates with an affinity to Graphium were recovered. They were identified based on their morphological characters and sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA, β-tubulin (TUB2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene regions. The results revealed five new species, described here as G. brachiatum, G. longistipitatum, G. polonicum, G. radicatum, and G. trypophloei.