Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2004
Authors
Klaus Mittenzwei Maria Loureiro Wenche Dramstad Wendy Fjellstad Ola Flaten Arnt Kristian Gjertsen Sjur Spildo PrestegardAbstract
The level of support to Norwegian agriculture is partly justified with reference to agriculture’s multifunctionality. The concept of multifunctionality involves the provision of so-called “public goods» by agriculture, in addition to the production of food and fibre. Examples of these public goods include cultural landscape, biodiversity, ecological functions, cultural heritage, the viability of rural areas, and food security. The overall aim of the research project “Operationalization of multifunctionality using the CAPRI modeling system» is to study the effects of policy instruments on agriculture’s multifunctionality by defining quantitative indicators for selected elements of agriculture’s multifunctionality that can be implemented in the agricultural sector model CAPRI. This working paper takes a first step towards the appropriate regionalization when multifunctionality is concerned. The current regionalization of the CAPRI model is at the county level. This approach fails when multifunctionality is concerned, because many issues of multifunctionaliy (e.g., cultural landscape aspects) are independent of administrative borders at that level. As the aim of the overall project is to study the effects of policy instruments on agriculture’s multifunctionality, it is important to design regions within the CAPRI model that to a greater extent exhibit similar characteristics with respect to aspects of agriculture’s multifunctionality. Accordingly, it is reasonable to assume that policy changes will have quite similar effects on the multifunctionality indicators within each of these CAPRI regions. This task has been addressed by performing a cluster analysis by which Norwegian municipalities have been grouped with respect to their performance on variables that are expected to describe different aspects of the multifunctionality of agriculture. This information will then later on be used to regionalize the CAPRI model accordingly. […]
Authors
Kaj Bo Veiersted Tove M. ØstensvikAbstract
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Authors
Alhaji Jeng Bishal K. Sitaula Roshan M. Bajracharya Subodh SharmaAbstract
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Authors
Celine ReboursAbstract
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Authors
H Schmidt A. Adler Arne Holst-Jensen Sonja Klemsdal C.M. Kullnig-Gradinger Antonio Logrieco C.P. Kibecek Robert L. Mach Rudi F. Vogel Helga I. Nirenberg Ulf Thrane Mona Torp Tapani Yli-Mattila Ludwig NiessenAbstract
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Authors
Svein Ole Borgen Eivind Jacobsen Anne Moxnes JervellAbstract
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Authors
Thomas Nord-Larsen Bruce TalbotAbstract
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Authors
Arild Andersen Helge Sjursen Trond RafossAbstract
I 1998-2000 ble det biologiske mangfoldet av minerfluer undersøkt i konvensjonelt og økologisk dyrket korn og gras i Sørøst-Norge. Fluene ble fanget med håv i 1x10m store ruter i åkerkanten, 0,5, 5, 15 og 30 m ute i åkeren. Totalt 5822 individer av minst 66 arter ble fanget. Deler av biodiversiteten var høyere i de økologiske feltene. I både konvensjonelle og økologiske felt ble biodiversiteten redusert når en gikk fra åkerkanten og utover i åkeren. In 1998-2000 the species richness and species diversity of Agromyzidae were investigated in conventionally and biologically managed cereal and grass fields in Southeastern Norway.Flies were caught with sweep-net in 1x10 m plots in the boundary, 0.5, 5, 15 and 30 m into the fields. A total of 5822 specimens of at least 66 species were caught. Parts of the biodiversity was shown to be higher in biological fields. In bothconventional and biological fields the biodiversity was reduced when moving from the boundary and into the field.
Authors
Vidar Selås Olav Hogstad Sverre Kobro Trond RafossAbstract
Cyclic outbreaks of forest moth pest species have long remained a puzzle for foresters and ecologists. This paper presents time-series exhibiting a strong negative relationship between sunspot numbers and population indices of autumnal and winter moths, both in a mountain birch forest in central Norway and in a mixed lowland forest in southern Norway. In the latter area, also the population level of a moth species feeding entirely on lichens was negatively related to sunspot numbers. Low sunspot activity leads to a thinner ozone layer and thus higher surface ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation. As winter moth larvae prefer leaves subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation, we suggest that the causal relationship between sunspots and moths is that the metabolic costs of producing UV-B-protective pigments during periods of low sunspot activity reduce trees" and lichens" resistance to herbivores, and thus increase the survival of moth larvae. Higher peak densities of moth cycles in mountain forests could be explained by the general higher UV-B radiation at higher altitudes.