Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2005
Authors
Jørgen Aleksander Mølmann Øystein Johnsen Olavi Junttila Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
In this study modified wood samples were tested according to the extended standardised test procedures of ENV 807 (3 types of soils). A Round Robin test was carried out at two laboratories: Swedish National Testing and Research Institute and Norwegian Forest Research Institute.The different soil types used were conifer forest soil (pH 4.6), soil from the Simlngsdalen test field (pH 5.2) and garden compost soil (pH 7.4). The wood modifications used were furfurylation (Visorwood), acetylation and heat treatment (Thermowood). Other materials tested were linseed oil impregnated pine, reference preservative (CC and CCA) treated pine and Robinia psuedoaccacia heartwood.A dynamic MOE (MOEdyn) test device based on measurement of ultrasonic pulse propagation was used for non-destructive decay strength evaluation during the incubation period. The MOE values were correlated to measured decay mass loss of the test specimens after different periods of exposure to the soils. Type of fungal attack was also evaluated using light microscopy.Results from preliminary studies indicate that ultrasound seems to be an excellent tool for evaluation of early brown rot decay. It also seems to be feasible for detecting white rot. However it does not seem to be very accurate in evaluating early stages of soft rot decay.
Authors
Morten Eikenes Monica Fongen Line Roed Yngve StenstrømAbstract
In recent years chitosans have been investigated as a natural chemical for wood preservation against fungal decay, and chitosan in aqueous solutions has been used in impregnation studies. To evaluate the retention of chitosan after an impregnation process and to evaluate the fixation of chitosan in wood a method for determination of chitosan in wood and water samples has been developed based on acidic hydrolysis of chitosan to glucosamine followed by online derivatization by o-phthalaldehyde, chromatographic separation and fluorescent detection. For wood samples the method was linear up to 45 mg gK1 chitosan in wood and had a recovery of 86%. The yield of chitosan in water was 87% at 1% (w/v) concentration.
Abstract
In recent years chitosans have been investigated as a natural chemical for wood preservation against fungal decay, and chitosan in aqueous solutions has been used in impregnation studies. To evaluate the retention of chitosan after an impregnation process and to evaluate the fixation of chitosan in wood a method for determination of chitosan in wood and water samples has been developed based on acidic hydrolysis of chitosan to glucosamine followed by online derivatization by o-phthalaldehyde, chromatographic separation and fluorescent detection. For wood samples the method was linear up to 45mgg−1 chitosan in wood and had a recovery of 86%. The yield of chitosan in water was 87% at 1%(w/v) concentration.
Abstract
Animal health and health handling were studied in organic dairy farms separated into three groups according to time of conversion. The study showed differences in both health and health handling between the groups and especially so for the earliest converters.
Abstract
Animal health and health handling were studied in organic dairy farms separated into three groups according to time of conversion. The study showed differences in both health and health handling between the groups and especially so for the earliest converters.
Authors
Mekjell MelandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Heleen A. de Wit Jan Mulder Toril EldhusetAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anders LunnanAbstract
Forest owners get only a nominal pay when delievering forest residues for energy purposes. At the same time there might be negative environmental effects as nutrient loss and production loss. Compensation measures could be ash disposal and fertilization. This has a cost, but due to sustainability restrictions compensation measures might be seen as obligatory. Other negative environmental effects include possible effects on biodiversity and acidification. Positive effects include impact on GHG balance and reduced silvicultural costs. We study this problem from the forest owner?s view and from the society?s view in a cost-benefit context. The results vary with physical inputs as deposition and soil type and with assumptions concerning economic variables as shadow price of carbon.
Abstract
At least three mechanisms are known to cause synchrony among spatially separated insect populations: 1) dispersal among populations, 2) synchronous stochastic effects, often referred to as the Moran effect, and 3) trophic interactions with other species that are either themselves synchronized or mobile.The present study brings in the role of insect taxa for spatial synchrony. The spatial synchrony observed in several North American and Eurasian epidemic bark beetles was compared with patterns of synchrony in outbreaks of defoliating forest Lepidoptera, revealing a marked difference between these two major insect taxa.The bark beetles exhibited a generally lower degree of spatial synchrony than the Lepidoptera, possibly because bark beetles are synchronized by different weather variables that are acting on a smaller scale than those affecting the Lepidoptera, or because inherent differences in their dynamics leads to more cyclic oscillations and hence more synchronous spatial dynamics in the Lepidoptera. Among the epidemic bark beetles tested, spatial synchrony of outbreaks in the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus was significantly higher than for the other species.