Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
1999
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Studies were undertaken in forest ecosystems of the northwestern Kola Peninsula, Russia and South-Varanger, Norway in the zone affected by the Pechenganikel smelter. The soils consist mainly of shallow sandy iron-humus-illuvial and iron-illuvial podzols on highly bouldery unsorted morainic deposits of course texture, fluvioglacial sands and bedrocks.Plant specimens were collected from 16 plots located at different distances from the source of emissions: Pinus sylvestris needles, bark and wood, dwarf shrub (Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea ) leaves, wavy-hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa), green mosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) and lichens (Cladina rangifirina [Cladonia rangiferina], and Cladina stellaris [Physcia stellaris]) were collected at the end of the growing season.Results showed that the elemental composition of the dominants of the tree, grass-shrub, and moss layers was affected by the sulfur and heavy metals from the source of pollution. The content of nickel and copper in pine needles near the smelter exceeded control levels by an order of magnitude and the content of sulfur exceeded it twofold, reaching toxic levels.In addition to the direct input of pollutants from the atmosphere, soil contamination by nickel and copper within a 30 km radius of the smelter will have adverse effects on mineral nutrition of plants.It is concluded that the disturbance of biological cycles because of the active involvement of pollutants and the decreased availability of nutrients results in retardation of plant growth, a reduction in forest biomass and alterations in plant succession and species composition that leads to simplification and death of forest ecosystems.
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The complex character of variations in acidity and cation exchange properties of forest podzols under the impact of atmospheric emissions from Pechenganikel plant in the Kola Peninsula was revealed using correlation and regression analyses. The high level of acidity and the depletion of upper horizons in exchangeable bases attest for the anthropogenic acidification of podzols in the affected zone of the plant.
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The area along the Norwegian-Russian border is threatened by air pollution from emission sources on the Kola Peninsula. A permanent network of 78 systematically chosen monitoring sites has been established in eastern Finnmark, Norway. Species abundance data from the ground vegetation have been recorded from 1320 systematically chosen permanent plots inside 66 of these sites, using frequency in subplots and visual estimates of percentage cover. Environmental variables were obtained for the whole site. Multivariate data analysis has been used to describe the variation in the species composition and to study its relation to environmental variables and pollution impact. The analyses show that much of the variation in the species composition, based on average species abundance at the sites, is well explained by different soil and climatic conditions. However, estimated SO2 deposition, Ni, and Cu in the soil, and Ni in Cladina tissue have also been found to be statistically significantly correlated with the variation in the species data, but they explain only a minor part of the variation. The pollution impact over several years may have lead to a reduced lichen cover in the bottom-layer vegetation. Further development in an either negative or positive direction can be detected by re-investigations of the monitoring sites.
Authors
Torstein KvammeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Isabella BørjaAbstract
Practical handbook for identification of diseases and disorders in european forest nurseries. Many colour photos and illustrations.
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A field experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that treatment of Norway spruce trees with the Ips typographus-transmitted blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica enhances tree resistance to later mass attack by this bark beetle. Twenty-five mature trees were pre-treated by inoculating a non-lethal dose of the fungus into the bark, while 18 trees served as untreated controls. Three and a half weeks after treatment a bark beetle attack was initiated by attaching dispensers with I. typographus pheromone to the tree trunks. A significantly larger proportion (67%) of the control trees than of the pre-treated trees (36%) were killed by the beetle attack. The result is discussed in relation to recent results regarding defence mechanisms in Norway spruce trees.
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Bjørn ØklandAbstract
Information about larval ecology is fundamental in entomological research; however, in many insect species the larval habitat is still unknown. In the present project, Diptera insects were reared from various microhabitats and substrates of coniferous and deciduous forests of southern Norway. The material included 54 species that have not been reared earlier and 213 new species-microhabitat relationships. Many new records were found in dead wood of common tree species, such as Picea abies, Populus tremula and Fraxinus excelsior. Microhabitats associated with the root zone of windfelled trees showed the highest number of new species-microhabitat relationships.