Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
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It is widely acknowledged that welfare states are important determinants of health in Europe through their mediation of the extent, and impact, of socio-economic positions on health. Arguably, immunisation from market dependencies in healthcare has been associated with core public values of the traditional welfare state and has thus been perceived important for achieving public goods such as social cohesion, equity, and people’s well-being. In recent years, we have seen a change in change in welfare states, where policies aimed at decommodifying the citizens by sheltering them from market dependency, have been supplemented and even replaced by the reverse trend of healthcare recommodification, where the role of markets has been strengthened and access to services through citizenship has been reduced. There is consequently a need for studies that investigate the specific welfare regime features that best contribute to the protection and promotion of the well-being of its citizens. Concentrating on the healthcare part of the welfare state, we analyse differences of subjective perceptions of well-being (self-rated health and happiness) between European countries, by examining how such perceptions are associated with selected indicators related to expenditure, financing, provision, institutional features, primary care orientation, and health decommodification. The paper utilises ten rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS), spanning 20 years and including more than 130,000 individuals from 21 countries. Using multilevel modelling and controlling for individual-level demographic and socio-economic variables, the results suggest that several of the system characteristics are relevant for subjective perceptions of well-being. Public healthcare coverage shows the strongest positive association, while indicators of public–private mix in financing and private provision of healthcare showed less significant results.
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Frode VeggelandAbstract
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This article aims to increase the knowledge of the roles and functions of public health institutes (PHIs) by exploring and comparing the Scandinavian PHIs, their roots, and developments over time. The research questions are the following: What was the history behind these public institutions? How have they changed over time? Have they followed divergent or parallel paths of change? How, if at all, have they been influenced by public sector reforms? Comparing the three Scandinavian countries based on an institutionalist approach, the article seeks to increase the understanding of the role of PHIs in governing public health. The article is based on documents from parliaments and governments from the public health institutes, supplemented by institution narratives and relevant public health and public administration literature. The Scandinavian PHIs have common roots from the early 1900s, have followed different routes, and have different institutional characteristics and different roles as public health institutions. However, after more than 100 years, the Scandinavian PHIs belong to the international PHI organization. They are responsible for knowledge dissemination, surveillance, and preparedness for the handling of epidemics and pandemics. The article argues for more comparative research on institutions related to public health authorities, such as the PHIs.
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The effect of climate change on mountain vegetation is influenced by environmental factors and site effects. To monitor the effect of climate change we therefore need to understand species' sensitivity to microclimate and environmental gradients. The objective of this study is to study widespread plant species' temporal and spatial variation along environmental and microclimate gradients in Norwegian mountains along a coast–inland gradient. Occurrence and abundance of plant species were surveyed in 110 study plots in four mountains at two points in time, seven years apart. Of the 222 plant species registered, Salix herbacea, Phyllodoce caerulea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Vaccinium myrtillus, Avenella flexuosa, and Empetrum nigrum were widespread across all mountains. These species responded differently to environmental and microclimate gradients, and abundance data were more sensitive than occurrence data. During the short time span we observed some indications of response which might support the assumption that boreal species outcompete alpine species in the forest transition zone, but our data do not indicate this effect at higher altitudes. Monitoring of climate change in mountains needs to include plots along environmental and microclimate gradients as well as an abundance of a set of widespread plant species that represent regional, local environmental, and climate gradients. However, when monitoring perennial plant species, the need for long-term monitoring projects is high because such species develop slowly over several decades.
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Till SeehusenAbstract
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