Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2020
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Tuomas Kankaanpää Eero Vesterinen Bess Hardwick Niels M. Schmidt Tommi Andersson Paul Eric Aspholm Isabel C. Barrio Niklas Beckers Joël Bêty Tone Birkemoe Melissa DeSiervo Katherine H. I. Drotos Dorothee Ehrich Olivier Gilg Vladimir Gilg Nils Hein Toke T. Høye Kristian M. Jakobsen Camille Jodouin Jesse Jorna Mikhail V. Kozlov Jean-Claude Kresse Don-Jean Leandri-Breton Nicolas Lecomte Maarten Loonen Philipp Marr Spencer K. Monckton Maia Olsen Josée-Anne Otis Michelle Pyle Ruben Erik Roos Katrine Raundrup Daria Rozhkova Brigitte Sabard Aleksandr Sokolov Natalia Sokolova Anna M. Solecki Christine Urbanowicz Catherine Villeneuve Evgenya Vyguzova Vitali Zverev Tomas RoslinAbstract
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts—as being less fine‐tuned to host development—to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic‐level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Paul Eric AspholmAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Daniel RasseAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Bertrand Guenet Benoit Gabrielle Claire Chenu Dominique Arrouays Jerome Balesdent Martial Bernoux Elisa Bruni Jean-Pierre Caliman Remi Cardinael Songchao Chen Philippe Ciais Dominique Desbois Julien Fouche Stefan Frank Cathrine Henault Emanuele Lugato Victoria Naipal Thomas Nesme Michael Obersteiner Sylvain Pellerin David S. Powlson Daniel Rasse Frédéric Rees Jean-Francois Soussana Yang Su Hanqin Tian Hugo Valin Feng ZhouAbstract
To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5 °C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies are also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N2O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here, we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N2O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta‐analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N2O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g, biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N2O emissions.
Authors
Gaby Deckmyn Omar Flores Mathias Mayer Xavier Domene Andrea Schnepf Katrin Kuka Kris Van Looy Daniel Rasse Maria J.I. Briones Sébastien Barot Matty Berg Elena Vanguelova Ivika Ostonen Harry Vereecken Laura M. Suz Beat Frey Aline Frossard Alexei Tiunov Jan Frouz Tine Grebenc Maarja Öpik Mathieu Javaux Alexei Uvarov Olga Vindušková Paul Henning Krogh Oskar Franklin Juan Jimenez Jorge Curiel YusteAbstract
The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.