Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2022
Authors
Frederik BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Frederik BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Silvia Vanino Tiziana Pirelli Claudia Di Bene Frederik Bøe Nádia Castanheira Claire Chenu Sophie Cornu Virginijus Feiza Dario Fornara Olivier Heller Raimonds Kasparinskis Saskia Keesstra Maria Valentina Lasorella Sevinç Madenoglu Katharina H. E. Meurer Lilian O'Sullivan Noemi Peter Chiara Piccini Grzegorz Siebielec Bozena Smreczak Martin Hvarregaard Thorsøe Roberta FarinaAbstract
Climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soil is critical to improve soil health, enhance food and water security, contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity preservation, and improve human health and wellbeing. The European Joint Programme for Soil (EJP SOIL) started in 2020 with the aim to significantly improve soil management knowledge and create a sustainable and integrated European soil research system. EJP SOIL involves more than 350 scientists across 24 Countries and has been addressing multiple aspects associated with soil management across different European agroecosystems. This study summarizes the key findings of stakeholder consultations conducted at the national level across 20 countries with the aim to identify important barriers and challenges currently affecting soil knowledge but also assess opportunities to overcome these obstacles. Our findings demonstrate that there is significant room for improvement in terms of knowledge production, dissemination and adoption. Among the most important barriers identified by consulted stakeholders are technical, political, social and economic obstacles, which strongly limit the development and full exploitation of the outcomes of soil research. The main soil challenge across consulted member states remains to improve soil organic matter and peat soil conservation while soil water storage capacity is a key challenge in Southern Europe. Findings from this study clearly suggest that going forward climate-smart sustainable soil management will benefit from (1) increases in research funding, (2) the maintenance and valorisation of long-term (field) experiments, (3) the creation of knowledge sharing networks and interlinked national and European infrastructures, and (4) the development of regionally-tailored soil management strategies. All the above-mentioned interventions can contribute to the creation of healthy, resilient and sustainable soil ecosystems across Europe.
Authors
Michel Bechtold Bjørn Kløve Annalea Lohila Massimo Lupascu Line Rochefort Hanna Marika SilvennoinenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Saray Aziza Baubekova Alireza Gohari Seyed Saeid Eslamian Bjørn Kløve Ali Torabi HaghighiAbstract
Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus and CO2 emissions for a farm in northwest Iran were analyzed to provide data support for decision-makers formulating national strategies in response to climate change. In the analysis, input–output energy in the production of seven crop species (alfalfa, barley, silage corn, potato, rapeseed, sugar beet, and wheat) was determined using six indicators, water, and energy consumption, mass productivity, and economic productivity. WEF Nexus index (WEFNI), calculated based on these indicators, showed the highest (best) value for silage corn and the lowest for potato. Nitrogen fertilizer and diesel fuel with an average of 36.8% and 30.6% of total input energy were the greatest contributors to energy demand. Because of the direct relationship between energy consumption and CO2 emissions, potato cropping, with the highest energy consumption, had the highest CO2 emissions with a value of 5166 kg CO2eq ha−1. A comparison of energy inputs and CO2 emissions revealed a direct relationship between input energy and global warming potential. A 1 MJ increase in input energy increased CO2 emissions by 0.047, 0.049, 0.047, 0.054, 0.046, 0.046, and 0.047 kg ha−1 for alfalfa, barley, silage corn, potato, rapeseed, sugar beet, and wheat, respectively. Optimization assessments to identify the optimal cultivation pattern, with emphasis on maximized WEFNI and minimized CO2 emissions, showed that barley, rapeseed, silage corn, and wheat performed best under the conditions studied.
Abstract
Sorption to cheap sorbents can be used to concentrate nutrients from liquid waste streams and make them into fertilisers. In this study we assess how plant available is ammonium nitrogen (N) sorbed to three sorbents, and if the potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions after a non-growing season is affected by sorption. Ammonium-N labelled with N15 was sorbed to biochar, bentonite and zeolite. Treatments where N was sorbed and where N and sorbents were applied separately were tested in a pot experiment with wheat, and soil samples were then frozen and dried to simulate non-growing seasons. After thawing and re-wetting, GHG emissions from the soil were assessed. There was no difference between sorption treatments in biomass or N uptake or fertiliser N left in the soil, and little difference between sorption treatments in gas emissions after the non-growing seasons was seen. We conclude that ammonium applied sorbed to these sorbents is as plant available as ammonium applied the conventional way. GHG emissions at the beginning of the next season are also not affected by ammonium applied sorbed.
Authors
P.W. Barnes T.M. Robson P.J. Neale C.E. Williamson R.G. Zepp S. Madronich S.R. Wilson A.L. Andrady A.M. Heikkilä G.H. Bernhard A.F. Bais R.E. Neale J.F. Bornman M.A.K. Jansen A.R. Klekociuk J. Martinez-Abaigar S.A. Robinson Q.-W. Wang A.T. Banaszak D.-P. Häder S. Hylander K.C. Rose S.-Å. Wängberg Bente Føreid W.-C. Hou R. Ossola N.D. Paul J.E. Ukpebor M. P. S. Andersen J. Longstreth T. Schikowski K.R. Solomon B. Sulzberger L.S. Bruckman K.K. Pandey C.C. White L. Zhu M. Zhu P.J. Aucamp J.B. Liley R.L. McKenzie M. Berwick S.N. Byrne L.M. Hollestein R.M. Lucas C.M. Olsen L.E. Rhodes S. Yazar A.R. YoungAbstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.
Authors
Bente FøreidAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
P.W. Barnes J.F. Bornman K.K. Pandey G.H. Bernhard R.E. Neale S.A. Robinson P.J. Neale R.G. Zepp S. Madronich C.C. White M.P.S. Andersen A.L. Andrady P.J. Aucamp A.F. Bais A.T. Banaszak M. Berwick L.S. Bruckman S.N. Byrne Bente Føreid D.-P. Häder A.M. Heikkilä L.M. Hollestein W.-C. Hou S. Hylander M.A.K. Jansen A.R. Klekociuk J.B. Liley J. Longstreth R.M. Lucas J. Martinez-Abaigar R.L. McKenzie K. McNeill C.M. Olsen R. Ossola N.D. Paul L.E. Rhodes T.M. Robson K.C. Rose T. Schikowski K.R. Solomon B. Sulzberger J.E. Ukpebor Q.-W. Wang S.-Å. Wängberg C.E. Williamson S.R. Wilson S. Yazar A.R. Young L. Zhu M. ZhuAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Simo MadunaAbstract
Continued anthropogenic environmental change is wreaking havoc on natural populations, with the stresses and pulses of induced ecological processes affecting a species' local habitat, resulting in inadvertent distribution shifts, hybridization events, and eventual biodiversity loss. It is more critical than ever to monitor the unintended consequences of human activity on not only natural populations, but also community structures and ecosystems. DNA-based (genetic and genomic) monitoring is a critical component of biodiversity monitoring because it allows for the tracking and quantification of temporal changes in population genetic metrics or other population data. Genetic/genomic monitoring enables the estimation of a variety of biological parameters, including demographic parameters (abundance, occupancy, hybridization, and disease status), population genetic parameters (genetic diversity, structure, and effective population size), and responses to anthropogenic selective pressures (exploitation, biological invasions, and climate change). This keynote address will highlight the practical implications of integrating genetic data into management, conservation objectives, and policymaking, as well as capacity building through international partnerships, using case studies from the Norwegian Barents Region.