Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2009
Abstract
Due to the exponential increase in production of engineered nanomaterials, concerns are raised about their inevitable spreading and fate in the environment. In this study we examined the uptake and excretion kinetics of cobalt and silver nanoparticles (NPs) in Eisenia fetida, as well as their internal distribution within earthworms. We hypothesised that the uptake, retention time and internal distribution of cobalt and silver depend on their speciation, i.e. whether they are absorbed as ions or nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were subjected to neutron activation prior to the experiment, in order to facilitate tracing and quantification in earthworms by gamma counting and autoradiography. Ions and NPs were added to the food, horse manure (HM). The treatments were Co2+ 0.70 µg/kg HM, CoNP 0.69 mg/kg HM, Ag+ 0.54 mg/kg HM, AgNP 0.45 mg/kg HM, and control. The experiment followed the OECD guidelines, with one month uptake and two months excretion for silver treatments, and four months excretion for cobalt treatments. The patterns of accumulation were highly different for cobalt and silver. The concentration ratios (Bq/g worm / Bq/g food) after one month uptake were 0.93 ± 0.36 and 2.02 ± 0.65 for CoNP and Co2+ respectively, and almost all absorbed CoNP and Co2+ remained within the worms after 4 months excretion. The Ag concentration ratios after one month uptake were 0.015 ± 0.016 and 0.054 ± 0.024 for AgNP and Ag+ respectively, with a subsequent excretion of almost all AgNP and Ag+ within a few days. In addition to information on uptake and excretion kinetics, gamma counting on individual organs, coupled to autoradiography on worm transects gave information on distribution of cobalt and silver NPs within the body, and the target organs for these NPs.
Abstract
Comparisons of individual DNA-profiles between different laboratories require that the data can be standardized. In this study, we compared DNA profiles of brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Sweden with DNA profiles of Norwegian brown bears. Brown bear samples from Sweden were analyzed at Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA) in France, while the samples collected in Norway were analyzed in the DNA laboratory at Bioforsk Svanhovd. In April 2008, DNA from 38 different bears were analyzed both at LECA in France and at Bioforsk Svanhovd in Norway, which allowed to estimate a first calibrations keys and normalise the data. In this study, new calibration keys were determined in order to make the genotypes from Norwegian bears comparable with the whole Swedish bear genetic database. The comparison based on the new calibration key included 163 individuals from Norway (time period 2005-2009) and gave 42 matches with individuals from the database for Swedish brown bears (time period 2001-2009). Marker MU59 did not function well in this calibration and additional analyses are needed to sort out the problems with this marker.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Håkon BorchAbstract
This poster presents a new low cost model for modelleing phosphorus and soil loss from agriculture land, and to do evaluation of different mitigation scenarios where the cost effectiveness of the meassures influence each other. The model has been used in several Norwegian catchments to evaluate mitigation options, and to build packages of measures to comply with the demands from the European Water Framework Directive.
Authors
F. Bouraoui B. Grizzetti G. Adelsköld H. Behrendt I. de Miguel M. Silgram S. Gómez K. Granlund L. Hoffmann B. Kronvang Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir Kværnø A. Lázár M. Mimikou G. Passarella P. Panagos H. Reisser B. Schwarzl C. Siderius A.S. Sileika A.A.M.F.R. Smit R. Sugrue M. VanLiedekerke J. ZaloudikAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen Carl Amundsen Aksel Bernhoft Trine Eggen Kari Grave Bent Halling-Sørensen Torsten Källqvist Trine Aulstad Sogn Line Emilie SverdrupAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Arve Heistad Razak Seidu Andreas Svarstad Flø Adam Paruch Jon Fredrik Hanssen Thor-Axel StenströmAbstract
Tie long-term use of a filter-based, on-site wastewater treatment system increases nutrient discharge to receiving waters and may reduce its hygienic barrier efficiency. The main purpose of this research was to assess the hygienic barrier efficiency and the associated health risks of an on-site system that had exceeded its 5-yr design capacity with respect to phosphorus (P) removal. The system was investigated for bacteria and virus removal and assessed with respect to potential health risks in relation to reuse of effluent for irrigation. The system consists of a septic tank, a pressure-dosed vertical flow biofilter, and an up-flow filter unit with lightweight clay aggregates. The total P concentration in the effluent had increased gradually from initially <0.1 mg P L-1 during the first 2 yr of operation to 1.8 mg P L-1 after 5.3 yr. Escherichia coli was used as an indicator organism for fecal bacteria removal, whereas bacteriophages phi X174 and Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B (S.t. 28B) were used to model enteric virus removal. An overall decrease in E. coli removal occurred from a complete (approximately 5.6 log(10)) reduction during the first 3 yr of operation to 2.6 log(10) reduction. The removal amounts of the bacteriophages phi X174 and S.t. 28B were 3.9 and 3.7 log(10), respectively. Based on removal of S.t. 28B, the risks of rotavirus infection and disease for the investigated scenarios were above the acceptable level of 10(-4) and 10(-3), respectively, as defined by the World Health Organization.
Authors
Adam ParuchAbstract
No abstract has been registered