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Publications

NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.

1997

Abstract

The results of two European fieldscale manipulation projects (NITREX and EXMAN) were used to evaluate the effect of ecosystem disturbance on nitrate leaching in coniferous forest ecosystems. The first principle component (PC1) of a principle component analysis explained 85% of the variation in nitrate leaching between the 12 sites. This PC1 consisted of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in the ecosystem, and was interpreted as an indicator of N status.Nitrate leaching responded rapidly to manipulation of nitrogen deposition, especially in sites with ambient high nitrate leaching. This rapid response could be explained partly by an immediate hydrological response of increased drainage. However, results of field-scale 15N tracer experiments indicated that microbial processes in the organic layer had changed after a few years of changed N deposition. In sites with already significant nitrate leaching, irrigation caused a large increase in nitrate leaching due to enhanced mineralization. Combined fertilization and irrigation had only a limited effect on nitrate leaching in nitrogen-limited sites, whereas in nitrogen-saturated sites, nitrate leaching was significantly increased.The hypothesized nitrate pulse as a result of rewetting after drought, did not occur in any of the sites. We conclude that the effect of disturbance on nitrate leaching depends on the N status of the ecosystem: in sites that are nitrogen-saturated, nitrate leaching is very sensitive to disturbance

Abstract

Fungi were isolated from the beetles, Ips typographus f. japonicus and Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis) trees infested with the beetles in Hokkaido, Japan. Nine species of ophiostomatoid fungi including one new species were identied. They were Ceratocystiopsis minuta, Ceratocystis polonica, Ophiostoma ainoae, O. bicolor, O. cucullatum, O. europhioides, O. penicillatum, O. piceae, and a new species described here as O. japonicum. Based on frequencies of occurrence, O. ainoae, O. bicolor, O. penicillatum, and O. piceae were regarded as dominant associates of I. typographus japonicus, and C. minuta, C. polonica, O. europhinoides, and O. japonicum were subdominant. The species of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with I. typographus japonicus in Japan are almost identical to those associated with I. typographus infesting Norway spruce (P. abies) in Europe. This study improves our knowledge of the biogeography of the ophiostomatoid fungi and the insects with which they are associated.