CRISPR and NGS can help control plant viruses

CRISPR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) are being utilised by Norwegian and Chinese researchers for sustainable control of the devastating wheat dwarf virus. The project focuses on developing genetically edited, resistant cereal plants by understanding the molecular interactions between the virus, the vector (carrier of infection), and the plant.

Cereals are among the most important crops globally but are affected by diseases, pests, and weeds. Cereal viruses pose the most significant challenge, as viral diseases cannot be controlled with conventional means. Over 200 virus species can attack cereals worldwide. Wheat dwarf virus is particularly harmful in China, and with climate change, the threat from flying insect vectors is increasing.

NIBIO, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is currently employing CRISPR and NGS to identify plant proteins and genes associated with virus infection. The CRISPR system is used to make small, targeted genetic changes to confer resistance to the plants against the virus. This has the potential to revolutionise agriculture by creating genetically edited plants better adapted to combat diseases, explains Dr Carl Spetz at NIBIO.

Additionally, the researchers are exploring new applications for CRISPR, attempting to eliminate viruses from plant cells. This opens the possibility of producing cleaner plant material and safeguarding crops from diseases.

Increasingly advanced biotechnological tools provide new opportunities to strengthen food production and ensure global food security.