Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Authors
Nina SvartedalAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Rapporten presenterer livsløpsanalyser (LCA) av melkeproduksjon på to norske eksempelbruk hvor en har sett på hvordan miljøpåvirkningen varierer etter strategi for grovfôrproduksjon og -konservering. Studien vurderte (1) alternative linjer for konservering og lagring av grovfôr, (2) presisjonsgjødsling versus uniform gjødsling og (3) produksjon og fôring av grovfôr med ulik fordøyelighet. Resultater er vist for miljøpåvirkningskategoriene globalt oppvarmingspotensial (GWP), terrestrisk forsuring, eutrofiering av ferskvann og knapphet på fossile ressurser. Det var små forskjeller i miljøpåvirkning avhengig av om grovfôret ble konservert i plansilo eller i rundballer dersom en forutsatte liten variasjon i svinn av surfôr mellom metodene. Om en antok at svinnet med bruk av plansilo økte fra 8 % til 25 %, ble GWP per fôrenhet 20 % høyere. Presisjonsgjødsling, simulert med påfølgende moderate avlingsøkninger per enhet investert nitrogen (2,5 – 5 %), ga små miljøforbedringer. En økning i nitrogenutnyttelsen med 15 % kunne imidlertid redusere GWP per kg melk betydelig. Studien viste også at produksjon av lettfordøyelig grovfôr økte GWP per enhet fôr, men at fôring med dette versus mindre fordøyelig surfôr kunne redusere utslipp per kg melk dersom det ga høyere melkeytelse per ku. Studien viste at miljøvurderinger av grovfôrproduksjonen bør gjøres innenfor definerte gårdssystemer slik at en får med seg samspillet mellom og responser i både jord, planter og husdyr.
Abstract
Jordens fysiske egenskaper ble studert på to golfbaner der enten små, lette robotklippere eller store, tunge tradisjonelle gressklippere hadde vært brukt i fire til fem år. På begge banene var jorda mindre komprimert der det var brukt robotklippere sammenlignet med der de store maskinene var brukt, men fordi innledende målinger manglet, kan det ikke konkluderes definitivt om forskjellene skyldtes bruk av robotklippere eller tradisjonelle gressklippere.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ivo Claudino Frare Luiz Cláudio Garcia Marcos Adriano Martins MaghnomHenrique Melo Rodrigo Pereira Carneiro Thiago InagakiAbstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of air-assist technology and auxiliary booms compared to conventional ground boom sprayers in disease control and yield enhancement in soybean (Glycine max) crops. Conducted in Campos Gerais, Paraná State, Brazil over two cropping seasons, the experiment used a randomized block design with four treatments and eight replicates: i) control (no fungicide application on soybean plants), ii) conventional ground boom sprayer, iii) air-assist technology booms, and iv) auxiliary booms sprayers. Analyses focused on disease incidence and severity, plant physiological traits, and yield components. Results indicated that plots without chemical control exhibited higher disease incidence and severity, while fungicide application methods showed no significant differences. Additionally, diseases did not markedly influence the physiological characteristics of the plants. The lack of disease control notably diminished yield potential, but neither auxiliary nor air-assist technologies significantly outperformed the conventional sprayer in enhancing crop yield parameters
Authors
Ghulam Qasim Khan Dejan Dragan Miladinovic Puchun Niu Eddy Weurding Jos van Hees Martha Irene Grøseth Egil PrestløkkenAbstract
This article synthesizes evidence on how screw-extrusion followed by pelleting can tailor compound feeds to improve nutrient use in ruminants. Extrusion can produce pellets with targeted density and fluid stability by altering starch gelatinization, protein functionality, and fiber structure, potentially shifting rumen degradation kinetics and nutrient flow to the intestine. This article identifies extruder settings needed to achieve the desired pellet density and fluid stability for rumen control, and defines and evaluates ruminant-specific physical properties of extruded feed pellets.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranks among the top three health threats facing the EU. The AMR crisis is characterized as a “creeping crisis” and refers to the development where the increase in AMR causes antibiotics to lose their efficiency and effect—potentially causing millions of deaths. This article explores the EU's efforts to manage the AMR crisis by linking and coordinating different policy sectors. It assumes that institutional factors at the meso‐level, that is, at the level where political strategies are transformed into action, are key to ensure coordination across policy‐sectors and thus successful implementation of inter‐sectorial AMR policies. Drawing on literature on historical institutionalism, we analyze the development of institutional conditions for coordinating the three key sectors of AMR‐governance in the EU: the human health, veterinary, and environmental sectors. The starting point is the observation that the latter sector is considerably less integrated into AMR governance than the other two sectors. The article describes and explains how institutional developments at the meso‐level of AMR governance in the EU (European Commission Directorate‐Generals (DGs), EU agencies) contribute to an inter‐sectoral coordination deficit, or a “blind spot,” in the combat against AMR.
Authors
Erlend Hustad Honningdalsnes Erik Stensrud Marstein Dag Lindholm Helge Bonesmo Heine Nygard RiiseAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Abstract Semi‐natural grasslands are recognized as important habitat for bumblebees in Fennoscandia. These grasslands are maintained by free‐ranging sheep, but it is unclear which sheep intensities are most beneficial to bumblebees. We will compare bumblebee species richness and abundance with Bayesian mixed models at varying levels of disturbance by sheep to test the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, while considering other important habitat variables: distance to forest, meadow size, sward height, and availability of flowers, litter and bare soil. Practical Implication: Results of this investigation will provide valuable information to land managers setting limits for the number of free‐ranging sheep released on semi‐natural grasslands within the coniferous boreal landscape to benefit bumblebee conservation.